Special equipment components are used in key fields such as petrochemical, clean and efficient power generation, engineering and mining machinery. They are often operated under extreme special conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, ultra-low temperature and super-corrosion. High performance, high precision and high reliability are required. Therefore, specialized equipment component manufacturers need to have sufficient technical, manufacturing and quality assurance capabilities to ensure that products meet the standard requirements. (1) Technical barriers Special equipment components are used in key fields such as petrochemical, clean and efficient power generation, engineering and mining machinery, and often operate under extreme special conditions such as high temperature, high pressure, ultra-low temperature and super-corrosion, requiring high performance and high performance. Accuracy and high reliability, therefore, specialized equipment component manufacturers need to have sufficient technical, manufacturing and quality assurance capabilities to ensure that products meet the standard requirements. Special equipment has many varieties, small batch size, special material properties, complex structure and shape, and involves various manufacturing techniques such as molding modeling, material melting, heat treatment, non-destructive testing, welding, machining, etc., and the process is complicated; The parts industry is always at the forefront of technological advancement, and manufacturers need to master cutting-edge R&D and manufacturing technologies and apply a large number of new structures, new materials, new processes and new equipment. Therefore, there are high technical barriers in the industry. (2) Certification and licensing barriers First, special equipment parts companies need to pass the strict factory certification of downstream customers to obtain supplier qualifications. The scope of certification mainly includes technical research and development capabilities, production equipment level, key personnel qualifications, quality system and social responsibility, environmental management, occupational health and safety. Secondly, some products of special equipment parts and components are included in the scope of government administrative licenses, and must obtain corresponding licenses. For the manufacture of civil nuclear safety machinery and equipment, it is necessary to obtain the "Civil Nuclear Safety Equipment Manufacturing License" issued by the National Nuclear Safety Administration. For pressure vessel and component manufacturing, the "Special Equipment Manufacturing License" issued by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is required. Therefore, there are high barriers to certification in the industry. Finally, the important condition for the entry of special equipment parts into the international market is that the quality system has been internationally recognized and obtained certificates including ISO9001, ISO/TS16949 quality system and ASMEIII nuclear power quality system. Special equipment parts require high reliability, and international organizations such as LR, GL, ABS, TUV, and DNV are required to certify the manufacturing capabilities and management systems of specific materials and specific products, and obtain factory approval certificates. (3) Special equipment and parts for experience and talent barriers According to the drawings and standards of customers, the design and manufacturing process shall be carried out according to the customer's drawings and standards. The production shall be organized according to the order, and the quality, delivery time, cost, service and other aspects must strictly meet the requirements of the customers. Therefore, the production enterprises need to have Rich production and operation experience for the entire process of OTD management of each order. First of all, special equipment parts manufacturing enterprises must have a team of technical experts with rich experience and expertise to apply advanced technology and standards to the research and development, production and quality control of specific materials and special structural products through independent innovation; It is necessary to have a large number of professional and technical workers who have excellent skills, master the know-how and are familiar with the standard requirements, and implement the technical points of each link one by one in the product manufacturing process. Therefore, there are high levels of experience and talent barriers in the industry.
Taps and dies are tools used to create purpose screw threads, which is called threading. Many are cutting tools; others are forming tools. A tap is used to cut or form the female portion of the mating pair (e.g. a nut). A die is used to cut or form the male portion of the mating pair (e.g. a bolt). The process of cutting or forming threads using a tap is called tapping, whereas the process using a die is called threading.
Using an ordinary tap or die to clean threads generally removes some material, which results in looser, weaker threads. Because of this, machinists generally clean threads with special taps and dies-called chasers-made for that purpose.
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