I. Introduction
Boring is the process of expanding the original hole in the workpiece to meet the required requirements. Through high-efficiency rough (usually double-edged boring tool), the metal can be quickly cut to the required size; through the fine boring, the eccentricity of the lower hole is corrected, the precise position and shape accuracy and the surface finish are obtained, and the fineness is often used as a high Precision machining is used in the final process.
For example, the bearing holes of various machines and the processing of the casings and cover covers of various engines.
Boring is a difficult process compared to other machining. Fine boring is generally done by adjusting the fine-tuning device to process micron-sized holes such as H7 and H6. With the popularity of machining centers, the current boring processing requires only programming, button operations, and the like. Therefore, there is a need for simpler, more convenient, and more sophisticated tools to ensure product quality.
Second, the machining center's boring processing
1, the tool rotates
Different from lathe machining, it is impossible to adjust the cutting edge amount in the machining process due to the rotation of the tool during machining. It is also impossible to change the machining diameter by adjusting the CNC button just like a CNC lathe. This has become a big obstacle to fully automated processing. It is also because the machining center does not have the automatic machining diameter adjustment function (except for the U-axis function), so the boring tool must have a fine adjustment mechanism or automatic compensation function, especially in the fine boring, according to the tolerance requirements, sometimes it must be adjusted in the micrometer level. .
In addition, since the direction in which the chips flow out is constantly changing during the boring of the machining center, the cutting edge, the cooling of the workpiece, and the discharge of the chips are much more difficult than the lathe processing. In particular, it is particularly difficult to use a horizontal machining center for rough hole drilling of steel.
2, flutter
The most common and most troublesome problem with boring is flutter. The main reasons for the chattering at the machining center are the following:
1 tool system rigidity
It includes the rigidity of the shank, the mast, the hoe and the intermediate connection. The rigidity of the tool system is particularly important because of cantilever machining, especially for the machining of small holes, deep holes and hard workpieces.
2 tool system dynamic balance
Relative to the axis of rotation of the tool system, the tool itself has an unbalanced mass that causes chattering due to unbalanced centrifugal forces during rotation. Especially in the high-speed machining, the dynamic balance of the tool has a great influence.
3 the workpiece itself or the fixed rigidity of the workpiece
Some small, thin parts cannot be adequately fixed with a reasonable jig due to their insufficient rigidity or due to the shape of the workpiece.
4 blade tip shape
The shape of the blade, the rake angle, the lead angle, the tip radius, the shape of the chip breaker, etc., all result in different cutting resistance.
5 cutting parameters selection
Including cutting speed, feed, feed amount and cooling method.
6 machine spindle system, etc.
The rigidity of the machine spindle itself, the performance of the bearings and gears, and the rigidity of the connection between the spindle and the shank.
The selection criteria of the file are different depending on the processing content. Generally speaking, attention should be paid to the rigidity, dynamic balance, flexibility, reliability, ease of operation, life and cost of the system itself.
3.Integral boring tool and modular boring tool
In the past, the integral boring tool was mainly used in the production line of a batch product or a special machine, but in fact, the specifications of the machine are various: BT, JT, ST, CT, MT, and the like. Even with the same specifications, the size is different. For example, BT has 15, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, and so on. Even if the size and size are the same, it is possible to draw the nail shape, the thread is not the same, or the flange surface shape is different. All of these make the overall boring tool encounter great difficulties in application. In particular, in recent years, the market structure, the need to change with each passing day, and the shortened product cycle have required more flexibility for processing machinery and processing tools. So most of the integral boring tools have disappeared from the factory.
The modular boring tool divides the boring tool into: main handle, intermediate module (equal diameter, variable diameter), boring holder, boring head, blade and other parts, and then according to the specific processing content (rough, fine The diameter, depth, shape of the hole, workpiece material, etc. are freely combined. This not only greatly reduces the number of shanks, reduces the cost, can quickly cope with various processing requirements, and at the same time, due to the presence of high-precision joint faces, it plays a role in damping, thus greatly improving the rigidity of the boring tool. More than 80% of the world's machining industry uses modular boring tools, all of which use the national standard TMG21 interface (ABS interface), which makes the boring tool extremely versatile, high connection accuracy and high connection rigidity.
Hitachi Launches New TX Series Escalator for
India, Asia and the Middle East
Tokyo, August 21, 2017 --- Hitachi, Ltd. (TSE: 6501, [Hitachi") and Hitachi Building Systems Co., Ltd. today announced the launch of the new TX Series escalator for India, Asia and the Middle East. The escalator has already been released in China*1, and will be released in stages across the remainder regions, commencing August 21, 2017.
In July 2016, Hitachi integrated its escalator businesses of Japan and China, consolidating its resources and enhancing its business operations in both countries, centered around its key business location in Guangzhou, China. The new TX Series escalator launched by Hitachi is a model that meets multiple standards in China, India, Asia and the Middle East. The model follows the same concept for the machine room-less elevator for Asia and the Middle East which was launched in September 2016. In addition to conforming to Chinese safety and quality standards for escalator equipment, the TX Series will be manufactured in accordance with Hitachi's own strict standards of safety and quality, adhering to safety standards in all other regions. It also adopts a functional design based on the concept of an escalator that fits closely with the unconscious actions of users, in the pursuit of their ease and comfort.
The TX Series offers flexibility with a selection of various product specifications, as well as its excellent design and safety features, designed to cater to a diverse range of customer needs. It also saves space required for the installation, covering a smaller area in comparison with existing products*2.
Hitachi will begin sales of the TX Series in Thailand, followed by launches in the Philippines, Malaysia and various other regions, and aims to receive orders of 10,000 units in 2018 in China, India, Asia and the Middle East.
Features of the TX Series
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Safety
The TX Series offers various new safety features designed with optimal user safety in mind. The side portions of the steps are 8 mm higher than the central portion to prevent accidents in which a users' shoe can become caught between the step and the skirt (side wall) of the escalator. The new TX series has also been fitted with brushes located at foot level on the left and right skirts to let users know if their foot comes into contact with the side walls. A special finish has also been adopted for the landing plates at the entry and exit points of the escalator to prevent users from slipping when getting on and off the escalator. -
Design
The TX Series adopts a simple and functional design that offers the smoothness, safety and comfort that users unconsciously expect to experience when riding an escalator. For example, by minimizing the size of the metal frame supporting the escalator's balustrades, the TX Series' design maximizes the size of the glass surfaces, and achieves greater simplicity at the entrance and exit points (landings) by reducing the number of recesses and protrusions around the hand rail. Additionally, by expanding the installation space of the light fixture, the TX Series also enables enhanced lighting options for illuminating the entire surroundings of the balustrades. -
Space saving
By shortening the span dimensions*3 by 150 mm, the TX Series has made it possible to install escalators in more confined spaces where installation presents difficulties with conventional product designs.
*2 The made-in-China escalator, [SX series," which is previous model of [TX series."
*3 The span between the beam on upper floor and that on the lower floor of the escalator when the escalator is installed.
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