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The power generated by renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar energy must be used as soon as possible after its production. Today, as the world vigorously develops renewable energy sources, the development and promotion of energy storage equipment becomes more and more important.
At the two sessions this year, Hu Liping, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, called for the development of energy storage technology in the new energy industry. He said that in areas such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation, due to the lack of energy storage technologies such as large-capacity chemical storage batteries, the pace of development of China's new energy industry has been severely constrained. He also suggested that there is a need to strengthen support for key energy storage technologies such as chemical large-capacity energy storage batteries from the national level. This can not only solve the problem of randomness and volatility of wind power and solar power generation and can be integrated into the grid stably and reliably, but also form off-grid green power systems with wind power and photovoltaic power, providing key technologies for the construction of smart grids.
Coincidentally, Duan Qihua, member of the CPPCC National Committee and vice chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Industry and Commerce Federation, also stated that there are many limitations in the thermal power plants and pumped storage power stations currently deployed for wind power and other renewable energy sources. To install suitable large-capacity battery energy storage systems for renewable energy such as wind energy is the most effective way to solve the problem that China's current wind power generation can not be networked. He also suggested that we must actively introduce advanced sodium-sulfur energy storage battery technology from abroad, on the one hand, to meet the demand for domestic renewable energy power equipment, and on the other hand, we can digest and absorb advanced technologies and strive for an early realization of autonomy.
Where has the foreign energy storage technology been developed? This article will introduce readers to the United States Pacific Northwest National Laboratory recently conducted a comprehensive assessment of the electrochemical energy storage system results.
The Northwest Pacific National Laboratory of the United States is affiliated with the U.S. Department of Energy and is an internationally renowned research institution in the chemical, energy, and environmental fields. Researchers in the lab pointed out that the batteries that can be used to store renewable energy to generate electricity and transmit electricity to the grid must be reliable, durable and safe in the future, and whether the price of the battery can be accepted by users also determines its market size. key.
Researchers at Northwest Pacific National Laboratory compared and evaluated four types of electrochemical energy storage cells, namely vanadium redox flow batteries, sodium acid storage batteries, lithium ion batteries, and lead carbon batteries. The researchers noted that the above four kinds of batteries have the potential for large-scale development, but also have their own problems.
All-vanadium redox flow battery
All-vanadium redox flow batteries achieve the storage and release of electrical energy through the interconversion of vanadium ions of different valences. During charging, the electric energy is converted into chemical energy and stored in vanadium ions of different valence states by charging the vanadium redox flow battery; when the power generating device cannot meet the rated output power, the flow battery starts to discharge, and the stored Chemical energy is converted into electricity.
According to the research, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has good charge and discharge performance and can perform high-power charging and discharging. This type of battery has great freedom of site selection and small footprint, and it can integrate solar energy and wind energy into residential or industrial sites.
Sodium-sulfur energy storage battery
Sodium-sulfur energy storage batteries are usually built in a tubular design that combines elements such as sodium and sulfur. Sodium and sulfur will store electricity through chemical reactions. When the grid needs more electricity, it converts chemical energy into electricity. Release it.
One of the advantages of this type of battery is that the effective electrical energy per unit mass or unit volume is high. It can release a large amount of energy in a short period of time and is a good option for powering vehicles and other application tools. The disadvantage of this kind of battery is the high cost of the material, another worry is, this kind of battery runs the high temperature, the operational reliability has been questioned.
Researchers at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory said that by improving the shape of the battery, the energy efficiency of the battery can be improved and the operating temperature of the battery can be reduced. In fact, this laboratory is jointly researching the improvement method of this kind of battery in the same American battery company.
Lithium Ion Battery
Lithium-ion batteries are our most common electrochemical energy storage batteries. The batteries of our mobile phones and laptop computers are mostly lithium-ion batteries. This rechargeable battery mainly relies on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to operate. The superiority of high energy efficiency and power capacity has also allowed the lithium-ion battery market to expand into the transportation sector. Many electric vehicles now use this type of battery as a power source.
The development and promotion of small lithium batteries has been very successful. However, the large-scale development of lithium batteries is difficult, and faces high manufacturing costs, high operating temperatures, and short circuits.
Although substantial progress has been made in the research and development of lithium-ion batteries, much work is needed to extend the service life of the batteries, as well as to increase the safety of batteries when they are used and to reduce material costs.
Lead carbon battery
Lead-carbon batteries are technologies that have evolved from traditional lead-acid batteries. Scientists have discovered that adding a little bit of carbon can significantly increase the life of lead-acid batteries. The researchers said that as a backup option for solar and wind energy storage, lead-acid batteries have a high energy density and are a good choice.
However, the promotion of such batteries also faces cost issues. The cost of such batteries remains at $500 per kilowatt-hour, and researchers believe it is feasible to reduce costs to $150-200 per kilowatt-hour.
The researchers concluded that further research on these types of battery technologies is critical and that improvements in materials, design, and engineering systems, and cost reductions are all necessary.
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