1. What are the important diseases of citrus after harvest (storage period)?
After storage, the citrus fruit can produce more than 20 kinds of diseases during storage and transportation. Among them, infectious diseases include blue mold, green mold, black rot, coke rot, anthracnose, etc. Physiological diseases include edema disease. Brown spot disease, etc.
1. Green and green mold The symptoms of the two diseases are basically the same. The initial stage is a water-stained pale brown round spot. The tissue of the diseased part is moist and soft. The skin of the diseased part is easily broken by fingers. The diseased department first grows white hyphae, and soon it turns into a green-green layer. Later, the diseased department continued to expand, causing the whole fruit to rot. The symptoms of the two diseases are slightly different. Penicillium: Blue, the white mold layer is very narrow, the decay rate is slow, the rotten fruit does not stick to the fruit paper, and has a mildew smell. Green mold: blue-green, white mildew layer, fast decay, tightly packed fruit paper, with aroma.
2, black rot The fruit began to develop from the fruit stalk, at the beginning of the water-stained light brown lesions, slightly sag after expansion, dark brown, irregular edge of the lesion. When the weather is wet, the disease minister is white at first, then becomes a dark green mold layer, and the decayed fruit has a dark green mold layer. Some fruits do not show symptoms, but the heart and flesh have decayed. The rotten heart also has a dark green mold layer.
3, coke rot, also known as black rot. It occurs mostly before fruit storage and before storage. At the beginning of the disease, the peel around the fruit pedicle showed water-stained pale brown soft rot lesions. The lesions spread outward rapidly and the edges were wavy. The skin of the diseased part was dark purple-brown and extremely soft, and the peel was easily crushed. The roots of the disease quickly rotted from the pedigree to the umbilicus, causing "wearing bad heart". The diseased flesh is black and bitter.
4, brown rot disease (refer to the citrus resin disease symptom entry, the disease symptom part, the disease is caused by citrus resin bacteria.)
5, brown rot disease Sweet orange fruit occurs more, in the early stage of the disease, pale brown spots appear on the peel, rapid expansion, can cause whole fruit rot within a few days. Under high-humidity conditions, the disease minister has a sparse white mold layer with an aromatic odor.
6, edema disease This disease is a physiological disease, mostly occurs in the storage period (Peng) citrus, sweet orange, and banana citrus and other fruits, which is characterized by light brown water stain edema of the whole peel and pulp tissue, after Turned to dark brown, the flesh produces an alcoholic odor and completely loses the value of the commodity. The disease does not show symptoms of soft rot.
7. Brown spot disease The initial onset only shows brown leathery lesions in the cell layer of the peel, and finally reaches the flesh, causing the flesh to deteriorate and produce odor. Brown, irregular brown spots such as mesh, flakes, and spots appear on the peel. The disease is a common physiological disease of sweet orange fruit in the late storage period.
Second, how is the disease occurrence of citrus after harvest (storage period)? How to prevent it?
Most of the pathogens causing citrus storage and transportation diseases are fungi that are less parasitic. These bacteria invade the fruit and generally pass through various wounds on the peel. Therefore, during the harvesting, transportation and storage, if improper measures are taken, Injury to the fruit increases the chance of getting sick. Therefore, to reduce the occurrence of diseases during storage and transportation, the following prevention and control measures must be taken.
1. Prevent fruit damage and prevent the fruit from being mechanically damaged during harvesting and storage.
2, timely picking the appropriate early harvest can prevent the occurrence of a variety of storage diseases. Do not pick it when it is raining, after rain, when heavy fog or when the dew is not dry.
3. Spray the canopy fruit about 10 days before the fruit harvest to reduce the disease. It can spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1200-1500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times.
After storage, the citrus fruit can produce more than 20 kinds of diseases during storage and transportation. Among them, infectious diseases include blue mold, green mold, black rot, coke rot, anthracnose, etc. Physiological diseases include edema disease. Brown spot disease, etc.
1. Green and green mold The symptoms of the two diseases are basically the same. The initial stage is a water-stained pale brown round spot. The tissue of the diseased part is moist and soft. The skin of the diseased part is easily broken by fingers. The diseased department first grows white hyphae, and soon it turns into a green-green layer. Later, the diseased department continued to expand, causing the whole fruit to rot. The symptoms of the two diseases are slightly different. Penicillium: Blue, the white mold layer is very narrow, the decay rate is slow, the rotten fruit does not stick to the fruit paper, and has a mildew smell. Green mold: blue-green, white mildew layer, fast decay, tightly packed fruit paper, with aroma.
2, black rot The fruit began to develop from the fruit stalk, at the beginning of the water-stained light brown lesions, slightly sag after expansion, dark brown, irregular edge of the lesion. When the weather is wet, the disease minister is white at first, then becomes a dark green mold layer, and the decayed fruit has a dark green mold layer. Some fruits do not show symptoms, but the heart and flesh have decayed. The rotten heart also has a dark green mold layer.
3, coke rot, also known as black rot. It occurs mostly before fruit storage and before storage. At the beginning of the disease, the peel around the fruit pedicle showed water-stained pale brown soft rot lesions. The lesions spread outward rapidly and the edges were wavy. The skin of the diseased part was dark purple-brown and extremely soft, and the peel was easily crushed. The roots of the disease quickly rotted from the pedigree to the umbilicus, causing "wearing bad heart". The diseased flesh is black and bitter.
4, brown rot disease (refer to the citrus resin disease symptom entry, the disease symptom part, the disease is caused by citrus resin bacteria.)
5, brown rot disease Sweet orange fruit occurs more, in the early stage of the disease, pale brown spots appear on the peel, rapid expansion, can cause whole fruit rot within a few days. Under high-humidity conditions, the disease minister has a sparse white mold layer with an aromatic odor.
6, edema disease This disease is a physiological disease, mostly occurs in the storage period (Peng) citrus, sweet orange, and banana citrus and other fruits, which is characterized by light brown water stain edema of the whole peel and pulp tissue, after Turned to dark brown, the flesh produces an alcoholic odor and completely loses the value of the commodity. The disease does not show symptoms of soft rot.
7. Brown spot disease The initial onset only shows brown leathery lesions in the cell layer of the peel, and finally reaches the flesh, causing the flesh to deteriorate and produce odor. Brown, irregular brown spots such as mesh, flakes, and spots appear on the peel. The disease is a common physiological disease of sweet orange fruit in the late storage period.
Second, how is the disease occurrence of citrus after harvest (storage period)? How to prevent it?
Most of the pathogens causing citrus storage and transportation diseases are fungi that are less parasitic. These bacteria invade the fruit and generally pass through various wounds on the peel. Therefore, during the harvesting, transportation and storage, if improper measures are taken, Injury to the fruit increases the chance of getting sick. Therefore, to reduce the occurrence of diseases during storage and transportation, the following prevention and control measures must be taken.
1. Prevent fruit damage and prevent the fruit from being mechanically damaged during harvesting and storage.
2, timely picking the appropriate early harvest can prevent the occurrence of a variety of storage diseases. Do not pick it when it is raining, after rain, when heavy fog or when the dew is not dry.
3. Spray the canopy fruit about 10 days before the fruit harvest to reduce the disease. It can spray 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 1200-1500 times or 50% carbendazim WP 1000 times.
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