Who is right and who is wrong? When new energy companies in Europe and the United States marched into China, Chinese new energy companies began to set up factories in Europe and the United States. "Our investment in the United States is very smooth. In mid-2011, the production capacity will be expanded to 50MW." As the first Chinese company to invest in the United States, Suntech's public relations manager Zhang Jianmin said that investing in the United States is a proud work of Suntech Power. Correspondingly, in January 2011, Evergreen, the third-largest solar cell manufacturer in the US, announced that it will close its US factory in March, lay off 800 people and move manufacturing operations to China. . This is not a case. In fact, in addition to Suntech Power, Tianwei Yingli, Artes, LDK and other major solar energy companies in China are also investing in Europe and the United States. Major wind energy companies such as Goldwind Technology and Huarui are also planning to build production bases in Europe and America. And new energy giants such as SunPower, FirstSolar, and Vestas are keen to invest in China. "It is really a last resort." Wang Yuehai, executive secretary of the National Federation of Industry and Commerce New Energy Chamber of Commerce, told this reporter that China's new energy, including wind and solar energy, is mainly invested in Europe and the United States to avoid trade protection. The overall scale will not be too big, after all, the cost in Europe and America is too high." Fangao, CEO of JA Solar, also told this reporter that China is already the world's number one in terms of solar manufacturing technology, but "the market is mainly in Europe and America. Going to invest and build factories in the local area is an important means to grasp the market." Going to the US to invest? In January 2011, during the visit of the Chinese trade delegation to the United States, the Chinese and US governments and enterprises signed a number of agreements totaling more than 40 billion US dollars, of which only 20 billion US dollars in the clean energy sector, covering nuclear power, Wind power, solar energy, hydropower, smart grid and many other fields. Going to the US for investment is already a hot spot for China's clean energy development, especially in the field of solar energy. Taking Suntech Power as an example, it announced its investment in the United States in November 2009. According to data provided by Suntech Power, its site is located in Goodyear, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, with an investment of approximately US$10 million, forming an annual production capacity of approximately 30MW of solar modules. According to Zhang Jianmin, the above-mentioned US component plant has been completed and put into production, and will expand production capacity to 50MW/year in mid-2011. The reason why Suntech invested in setting up factories in the United States so early is because "the market has changed and saw many signs of the rise of the US solar market." Zhang Jianmin said that the US solar market has developed rapidly in the past two years, hoping to invest in the US construction plant. To quickly occupy the market. "At present, the effect is also very good. In 2010, we sold about 200MW in the US and won the first place in the US solar market." Zhang Jianmin said. According to public information, US solar energy was 342MW in 2008 and 485MW in 2009, but it reached 1GW in 2010, becoming the second largest solar cell market after Europe. In the United States, investing in a factory, in Zhang Jianmin's view, is also a measure to improve the production chain. "The United States is the most important supplier of solar cell manufacturing equipment and raw materials. In addition, some of the auxiliary materials produced by solar cells are mainly produced by American manufacturers. Setting up a factory in the United States can provide a real understanding of the solar energy industry in the United States and grasp the latest solar cell production technology. In fact, the component factory in the United States is the most automated or state-of-the-art component factory in our company." Chinese new energy companies have rushed to invest in the United States. In March 2010, China Yingli Green Energy Holdings Co., Ltd. announced that it plans to invest US$20 million in a solar cell module manufacturing plant in Arizona. In January 2011, China LDK announced that it would acquire a 70% stake in Solar Power Co., Ltd. for approximately US$33 million. Bypassing trade barriers However, compared with the enthusiasm of Chinese companies for US investment, American companies are shifting outwards. Among them, the transfer to Asia is the main direction. In May 2010, SunPower, one of the largest solar cell manufacturers in the United States, announced that it would invest in Malaysia. What shocked the industry is that in January 2011, Evergreen, the third-largest solar cell manufacturer in the United States, announced that it would close its US factory in March, lay off 800 people and move its manufacturing operations to China. "The cost of solar cell production in the United States is much higher than that in China. It is a great necessity for Chinese new energy companies to invest in the United States." Wang Yuehai said that because solar cells require a lot of manpower, there are obvious costs in manufacturing solar cells in China. Advantage. Moreover, in terms of technology, China's solar pools are not backward, and Fang Peng even believes that "China's solar cell manufacturing is the world's number one," and said that although companies in Europe and the United States are seeking to be acquired by Jingao, but Because our technology is not winning, "we are still measuring." “Chinese solar companies are keen to invest in the United States, mainly to avoid trade protection.†Wang Yuehai said that the US solar market is expanding rapidly, but at the same time, the domestic trade protection sentiment is also rising, and it is likely that policies will be introduced. Restrict access to foreign solar products including China. The rapid development of China's new energy industry is undoubtedly a huge impact on the Obama administration. Soon after it took office, it launched the "American Renaissance and Reinvestment Plan", preparing to double the US clean energy production within three years and to develop cleanliness. Energy has brought the US economy back into the fast lane. The "Measure 301 investigation" is one of the "protection" measures of the United States for the local new energy industry. The US Steel Workers' Federation (USW), which proposed the above investigation, said that the Chinese government gave high subsidies to new energy companies, which made China's wind power and solar energy exports gain price advantage, and accused China of adopting discriminatory restrictions on foreign companies' participation in bidding. Unlike the previous trade dispute, this is the first time the US has initiated a 301 investigation on clean energy. In terms of punitive measures, the power of the 301 bill is far greater than the general anti-dumping and anti-subsidy laws in the United States. If the 301 bill determines that there are dumping or subsidies in China's new energy products, then the United States can not only take new energy products, but also take other products in China. Raise "retaliation" measures such as tariffs. Domestic demand that cannot be started Although China is currently the world's largest producer of new energy products, the domestic market is quite limited. In particular, the solar industry, according to the statistics of the China Renewable Energy Society, more than 95% of China's solar industry products are sold abroad. In the past, China's solar energy industry was called "two-outside" industry. With the development of the industry, Zhao Yuwen, vice president of the China Renewable Energy Society, said that the "one head" in the "two heads" - raw materials, has been basically solved. More than half of the raw materials were converted to domestically produced, but the other "market" was outside, and in the short term, there were signs of no relief. Shi Zhengrong said that China will become the world's largest solar market, but this potential is the world's best, but it has not seen signs of starting. Since the electricity generated by solar energy is much higher in cost than traditional energy, the key premise of the solar market launch is to determine the subsidy price of solar power online. Previously, the National Energy Administration organized two bidding for solar power plants and hoped to determine the subsidy price of solar power online through bidding. However, Gu Huamin, president of Central Photovoltaic, said that because the scale of the previous two tenders was too small, most successful bidders did not count the cost. “Some people say that they only make an advertisementâ€, resulting in a low price of online subsidies for bidding, as the main force of China's solar industry. Most of the military's private enterprises were forced to absent. Moreover, “Because local solar energy subsidy prices are subject to similar bidding projects, the development of China's solar energy market has been greatly delayed.†In Gu Huamin's view, the unreasonable bidding cannot determine the solar power subsidy price, which has become the starting of China's solar market. Obstruction. As Wang Yuehai said, China's new energy industry has achieved the world's first place in many aspects. However, in the market, Chinese companies do not have much room for bargaining. To invest and build factories overseas is an effective response to market changes. Measures. Of course, this is also a helpless move.
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