At present, the construction of high-standard farmland in various places is in full swing. After large-scale field adjustment and leveling, the transformation area basically reaches Tianchengfang, the channel into the network, and the roads are connected. However, due to the high-altitude, idle land and abandoned land in the reconstruction area, the large-scale mechanization operation in the process of leveling the land is large. The soil structure of some fields was destroyed, and the cultivated layer was transferred to the soil. Some of the fields were covered with stone bones and soils. The soil nutrient status was poor and the soil yield was low. There is still a big gap in the use of cultivated land. A lot of agronomic improvement comprehensive technical measures are needed to improve the fertility level of cultivated land. The specific technical measures are as follows:
Straw returning to soil and fertilizing soil Straw returning is the main measure to improve soil organic matter fertility, and it is also the only way to high yield and fertilization.
Straw returning is generally divided into stacking and returning fields, returning the abdomen to the field, and returning the straw directly to the field. Stacking and returning the field is to make the crop straw into compost, manure, etc., and the crop straw is fermented and applied to the soil. After returning to the abdomen, the straw is used to feed cattle, horses, pigs, sheep and other livestock, and then applied to the soil with animal waste.
It is generally more common to use direct returning to the field. The method of returning directly to the field is relatively simple, convenient, quick, and labor-saving. The number of returning fields is relatively large, and it is suitable to fold 150-250 kilograms of hay per acre; directly returning the field and returning to the field and covering the field.
The tumbling is to turn the crop straw into the soil before the crop is harvested or before the crop is transplanted or transplanted. For example, if the rice straw is returned to the field, the rice is harvested mechanically, the mechanical smashed straw is thrown in the field, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied after the water is soaked in the field, and then the paddy field is replaced by a reverse rotation tiller or a paddy field or a paddy field. The machine is used for burying and planting land; covering the field is to cover the crop straw or wreckage directly on the soil surface, such as straw-covered cultivation of rapeseed wheat, wheat straw and rice cultivation.
Soil testing, formula fertilization and soil improvement According to the fertilizer characteristics of crops and the actual fertility after field transformation, it is recommended to use a large number of elements together with trace elements, using nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and other nutrients with comprehensive and reasonable ratio of active bio-organic composite. Fertilizer, formula fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.
Bio-organic compound fertilizers and formula fertilizers can achieve good results in soil conservation, yield increase, and income increase, while foliar fertilizers can improve soil and improve crop quality due to lack of supplements. Promote formula fertilization and soil testing and formula fertilization technology, implement the integrated service of “measurement, distribution, production, supply and applicationâ€, promote the development of chemical fertilizers into a complex, specialized and diversified direction, and realize the three elements of NPK and The formula of trace element nutrients is comprehensive and reasonable, which greatly improves the utilization rate of fertilizer and the use efficiency, and achieves the effect of soil improvement and soil improvement.
Using farmer's manure to change soil and fertilize The slang of “land-based manure and seedlings relying on manure†in rural China reflects to some extent the effect of applying organic fertilizer on soil improvement. The application of agricultural fertilizers, such as human excrement, manure, compost, soil residue, biogas fertilizer and other organic fertilizers, has a special effect on improving soil fertility.
Farmyard manure can improve the physical and chemical shape and cultivation performance of the soil, enrich the plant nutrient elements, and promote the activities of beneficial microbes in the soil, which is conducive to water retention and fertilizer retention and increased permeability.
Using biological soil improvement and fertilization, afforestation, maintaining water and soil, conserving water sources, regulating rainfall, reducing water and drought disasters, and establishing a solid foundation for fertilizing soil.
It is also an effective measure to cultivate soil and improve soil physical and chemical shape by planting green manure and greening, and paddy field raising ducks and ducks.
Planting rotation for soil improvement and fertilization In order to accelerate soil improvement and fertilization, the field transformation and transformation area is mainly based on water and drought rotation, which promotes soil ripening.
In the crop layout, the crops that are not demanding on the soil, easy to grow and can improve the soil are planted in the early stage, such as planting silkworm peas, ryegrass, Chinese milk vetch, edamame and other green manures and cash crops, which are increased by nitrogen fixation and compaction of rhizobia. Soil organic matter content, improving soil structure.
Correct rotation can make rational use of nutrients and water in the soil, and give full play to the good effect of increasing fertility by biological cultivation. At the same time, it can also reduce the harm of pests and diseases to crops and promote high yield and good harvest.
Make good use of land and soil to improve soil fertility. After the transformation and transformation, the sticky field will increase the application of ponds, ditches, garbage dumps, topsoil, etc., which can improve soil structure and improve soil fertility.
Scientific fertilization and soil fertility should adopt various ways to guide farmers to support and use advanced and applicable fertilization techniques, and gradually change the unreasonable fertilization methods such as blind fertilization and single fertilization to ensure that the soil in the reconstructed field is not sanded or unconsolidated. Not acidified, good soil.
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