Shanghai high-rise residential fires, CCTV fires, and three fires in Jinan’s Lingxiu district in 2007 and recent fires in the West Railway Station in Jinan are all related to external wall insulation materials. Is there no way to save energy and fire? How to promote building energy conservation more safely? What problems exist in the design, supervision, and market of exterior wall insulation materials? Reporters were investigated.
Thermal Insulation Market Visits Causes of Shanghai Fire Announcement On the day of the announcement, Ms. Dong, the owner of a community in eastern Jinan, looked at the neighboring building where she was engaged in energy-saving renovation and was covered with white foam. Suddenly I remembered one question: Are these materials also flammable?
In fact, Ms. Dong’s building has just been remodeled, but she never thought of this. However, she was deeply impressed by the insulation effect of this “cotton jacketâ€: “Because the residential district has not been connected to the municipal heating pipe network at the time of check-in, and it is not willing to destroy the decoration after heating, my house has not installed heating. The room temperature is now three or four degrees higher than in previous years."
Building energy efficiency is a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people. However, after the Shanghai fire, the safety of the external wall thermal insulation project has been given unprecedented attention. Insulation materials bear the brunt. Li Yaqing, head of the Fire Department of the Provincial Fire Department, told reporters that commonly used exterior wall insulation foam boards (molded polystyrene foam, EPS), extruded boards (extruded polystyrene, EPS), polyurethane * Ester, PU), if not flame-retardant, are flammable, and the combustion will produce *** gas, very toxic.
“External wall insulation materials are now implemented on September 25, 2009. The Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Provisional Regulations on Fire Protection of Civil Building Exterior Insulation Systems and Exterior Wall Decorations. According to the regulations, the external wall insulation of civil buildings The burning performance of the material should not be lower than Class B2 (Reporter's Note: flammable), residential buildings with a building height of 100 meters and above and other civilian buildings of 50 meters and above, Class A (non-combustible) insulation materials shall be used.†Wang Haigang, deputy director of the Department of Review, said.
However, the reporter visited the Hardware Market on North Park Avenue in Jinan on the 24th and discovered that it is not an easy task for consumers to identify, buy, and use enough grades of insulation materials.
Insulation booths in this market were crowded between hardware and electric booths. There were samples of white foam boards and gray-green extruded boards, and half of polyurethane board samples. However, these samples were in bulk form and had no external packaging. No brand, site, and burning properties were found on the back of the board.
“Can you take a look at the product test report?†The reporter asked in each booth as a buyer. Ten of the interviewed booth owners all said “yes†but none of them showed it. “In the factory, the time comes with you.†But they do not avoid it. “These samples are all without flame retardants. It is also necessary to add flame retardants. They have to be customized with the factory. No one is in stock. Even if it is a sample."
“The good thing of insulation and fire prevention is really expensive,†said one owner surnamed Zhu. “Ordinary foam board and extruded board are more than 300 yuan per cubic meter, and after flame retardant treatment, the high-level one gets 1000 blocks. Except for some wealthy units, very few people use it. I wouldn't have purchased it in the early days. Below 500 cubic meters, the manufacturers will not do it."
“There are so many things here,†she told the reporter in a mysterious way. “Some buyers are going to be flame retarded. The engineering team sent a few samples of flame-retardant materials. Then they told us to change to ordinary ones. If you want to reform, you have to look at it."
Do not use organic insulation material?
Since foam boards, extruded boards, and polyurethanes have fire hazards, why not use them?
"It seems very simple, this is the most difficult problem. Insulation and flame retardant can be said to be a natural contradiction." Professor Yang Yang of Shandong University of Architecture who has been engaged in the study of insulation materials for many years told reporters that external wall insulation materials can Divided into two kinds, organic polymer materials (all three above are) and inorganic materials. The former is well insulated but flammable, the latter is just the opposite, and the fireproof is good for poor insulation.
Some "nature deficiencies" also make it difficult for inorganic materials to play a leading role. “Such as rock wool and glass wool, which are made of ore and slag after sintering, centrifugation, and solidification, are inherently highly polluting and energy intensive. Their fibers are easily dispersed in the air, causing asthma and skin itching. To add a binder, it is also an organic polymer material, resulting in a reduction in the overall fire performance."
Is rock wool and glass wool used much in Jinan market? In the above market, the stall owner Wang Yan told reporters that these two kinds of materials are not expensive, the price is between the foam board and the extruded board; but fear of rain, have to do another waterproof, construction is more troublesome. And getting workers will cause itching and use less. Jinan used the most foam board and extruded board.
“The thermal insulation performance of stone wool will be reduced after being dampened. This kind of material is heavier and it is 2-7 times heavier than foam board, extruded board and polyurethane of the same thickness. It sucks more water and hangs on the outer wall. "Meng Yang said, now look, using inorganic materials as insulation, the technology is not yet mature.
"Organic insulation materials are fire-retardant (the most realistic way is to add flame retardants), can also reach the B1 'flame-retardant' level. Especially phenolic resin, it is easy to reach the B1 level." But because the construction market is not standardized Finally, the engineering team's remaining money was only enough to sell. Adding personnel to use them and using on-site operations is not standardized, which are all important causes of accidents.
Meng Yang believes that, of course, problems need to be solved, but they cannot give up building energy conservation. This is a cause of saving the planet. “According to the data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China’s new construction is 1.8 billion square meters per year, which is the sum of annual increments in all developed countries. If the 65% of the required savings is discarded, the energy consumption will be astonishing!â€
The best of both worlds: The plan is more important than materials. “All the debates are now focused on thermal insulation materials. In fact, the plan is more important than the materials.†Meng Yang believes that the more hidden risks are the construction plans using “thin plasteringâ€, the more Atlases, standards, and local practices should all be considered for change.
Almost all cases of external wall insulation fire occurred during the construction phase. After completion, the insulation material is wrapped in mortar and it is much better. The "thin plastering" requires at least six processes: exterior wall gluing - sticking insulation material - hitting a riveting column - pressing mesh cloth - brushing polymer mortar - brushing decorative paint or tiling. As a result, one building has to move to the moon, and the insulation material is exposed for a long time, which greatly increases the fire risk. The exchange of a person for a process has also resulted in poor communication and unclear responsibilities.
Meng Yang believes that the most feasible is the "integrated plate" construction plan, in the factory will be insulation, protection, decorative layer processed together, like a "sandwich", like a one-time installation on the external wall of the building just fine. In this way, there is no possibility that the insulation material will be exposed and exposed to open flames. Frankfurt, Germany, did it as early as 20 years ago.
As for the cost, thin plastering (outer facing brush coating) construction is 120 yuan per square meter, and integrated sheet construction is 200 yuan per square. This is basically the same as the cost of "plaster + exterior tiling." This method has been applied in the Tianqiao District government building in Jinan and the Wuyingshan office.
Speaking of hidden dangers, Sun Xiaobing, School of Law and Political Science, Shandong Jianzhu University believes that the chaotic management of the qualification of exterior insulation enterprises is also in urgent need of solution. "China has anti-corrosion insulation qualification standards, but it is developed for the pipeline insulation project, does not apply to exterior insulation projects, resulting in the external control of external thermal insulation technology companies without construction qualification, qualified outsiders are not familiar with the external insulation technology. He proposed the establishment of a special construction qualification management system for exterior wall thermal insulation teams, a training system for construction workers, a professional contracting and guarantee system to reduce hidden dangers in construction.
Will the external insulation industry or the reshuffle of fires promote the revision of the fire code standards? Fire experts have long been concerned about this issue. Li Fuzheng, a senior engineer of the Linfen City Fire Fighting Brigade, wrote in 2009 that in China, despite the requirements of the relevant standards for the flame retardancy of external wall insulation materials, the fire safety of external wall insulation has lacked clear and specific regulations. In this regard, it is very necessary to put forward preventive measures or solutions as soon as possible.
Meng Yang thinks that in the field of external wall thermal insulation alone, this fire is a reflective opportunity. All external wall insulation programs, standards, and norms should be re-sorted and improved under the premise of adhering to building energy conservation. Effectively curb and eliminate the risk of fire.
“For example, why 80% of the external wall insulation in buildings is still using thin plastering? Because the country has atlas, there is no risk to design accordingly. To improve, standards are the source. If so, the external wall insulation industry It may be possible to re-shuffle the card. Insurance companies, scientific research teams and owners of the university and other social forces can participate in fire prevention to form a wider and thicker firewall," said Meng Yang.
Thermal Insulation Market Visits Causes of Shanghai Fire Announcement On the day of the announcement, Ms. Dong, the owner of a community in eastern Jinan, looked at the neighboring building where she was engaged in energy-saving renovation and was covered with white foam. Suddenly I remembered one question: Are these materials also flammable?
In fact, Ms. Dong’s building has just been remodeled, but she never thought of this. However, she was deeply impressed by the insulation effect of this “cotton jacketâ€: “Because the residential district has not been connected to the municipal heating pipe network at the time of check-in, and it is not willing to destroy the decoration after heating, my house has not installed heating. The room temperature is now three or four degrees higher than in previous years."
Building energy efficiency is a good thing for the benefit of the country and the people. However, after the Shanghai fire, the safety of the external wall thermal insulation project has been given unprecedented attention. Insulation materials bear the brunt. Li Yaqing, head of the Fire Department of the Provincial Fire Department, told reporters that commonly used exterior wall insulation foam boards (molded polystyrene foam, EPS), extruded boards (extruded polystyrene, EPS), polyurethane * Ester, PU), if not flame-retardant, are flammable, and the combustion will produce *** gas, very toxic.
“External wall insulation materials are now implemented on September 25, 2009. The Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Provisional Regulations on Fire Protection of Civil Building Exterior Insulation Systems and Exterior Wall Decorations. According to the regulations, the external wall insulation of civil buildings The burning performance of the material should not be lower than Class B2 (Reporter's Note: flammable), residential buildings with a building height of 100 meters and above and other civilian buildings of 50 meters and above, Class A (non-combustible) insulation materials shall be used.†Wang Haigang, deputy director of the Department of Review, said.
However, the reporter visited the Hardware Market on North Park Avenue in Jinan on the 24th and discovered that it is not an easy task for consumers to identify, buy, and use enough grades of insulation materials.
Insulation booths in this market were crowded between hardware and electric booths. There were samples of white foam boards and gray-green extruded boards, and half of polyurethane board samples. However, these samples were in bulk form and had no external packaging. No brand, site, and burning properties were found on the back of the board.
“Can you take a look at the product test report?†The reporter asked in each booth as a buyer. Ten of the interviewed booth owners all said “yes†but none of them showed it. “In the factory, the time comes with you.†But they do not avoid it. “These samples are all without flame retardants. It is also necessary to add flame retardants. They have to be customized with the factory. No one is in stock. Even if it is a sample."
“The good thing of insulation and fire prevention is really expensive,†said one owner surnamed Zhu. “Ordinary foam board and extruded board are more than 300 yuan per cubic meter, and after flame retardant treatment, the high-level one gets 1000 blocks. Except for some wealthy units, very few people use it. I wouldn't have purchased it in the early days. Below 500 cubic meters, the manufacturers will not do it."
“There are so many things here,†she told the reporter in a mysterious way. “Some buyers are going to be flame retarded. The engineering team sent a few samples of flame-retardant materials. Then they told us to change to ordinary ones. If you want to reform, you have to look at it."
Do not use organic insulation material?
Since foam boards, extruded boards, and polyurethanes have fire hazards, why not use them?
"It seems very simple, this is the most difficult problem. Insulation and flame retardant can be said to be a natural contradiction." Professor Yang Yang of Shandong University of Architecture who has been engaged in the study of insulation materials for many years told reporters that external wall insulation materials can Divided into two kinds, organic polymer materials (all three above are) and inorganic materials. The former is well insulated but flammable, the latter is just the opposite, and the fireproof is good for poor insulation.
Some "nature deficiencies" also make it difficult for inorganic materials to play a leading role. “Such as rock wool and glass wool, which are made of ore and slag after sintering, centrifugation, and solidification, are inherently highly polluting and energy intensive. Their fibers are easily dispersed in the air, causing asthma and skin itching. To add a binder, it is also an organic polymer material, resulting in a reduction in the overall fire performance."
Is rock wool and glass wool used much in Jinan market? In the above market, the stall owner Wang Yan told reporters that these two kinds of materials are not expensive, the price is between the foam board and the extruded board; but fear of rain, have to do another waterproof, construction is more troublesome. And getting workers will cause itching and use less. Jinan used the most foam board and extruded board.
“The thermal insulation performance of stone wool will be reduced after being dampened. This kind of material is heavier and it is 2-7 times heavier than foam board, extruded board and polyurethane of the same thickness. It sucks more water and hangs on the outer wall. "Meng Yang said, now look, using inorganic materials as insulation, the technology is not yet mature.
"Organic insulation materials are fire-retardant (the most realistic way is to add flame retardants), can also reach the B1 'flame-retardant' level. Especially phenolic resin, it is easy to reach the B1 level." But because the construction market is not standardized Finally, the engineering team's remaining money was only enough to sell. Adding personnel to use them and using on-site operations is not standardized, which are all important causes of accidents.
Meng Yang believes that, of course, problems need to be solved, but they cannot give up building energy conservation. This is a cause of saving the planet. “According to the data of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, China’s new construction is 1.8 billion square meters per year, which is the sum of annual increments in all developed countries. If the 65% of the required savings is discarded, the energy consumption will be astonishing!â€
The best of both worlds: The plan is more important than materials. “All the debates are now focused on thermal insulation materials. In fact, the plan is more important than the materials.†Meng Yang believes that the more hidden risks are the construction plans using “thin plasteringâ€, the more Atlases, standards, and local practices should all be considered for change.
Almost all cases of external wall insulation fire occurred during the construction phase. After completion, the insulation material is wrapped in mortar and it is much better. The "thin plastering" requires at least six processes: exterior wall gluing - sticking insulation material - hitting a riveting column - pressing mesh cloth - brushing polymer mortar - brushing decorative paint or tiling. As a result, one building has to move to the moon, and the insulation material is exposed for a long time, which greatly increases the fire risk. The exchange of a person for a process has also resulted in poor communication and unclear responsibilities.
Meng Yang believes that the most feasible is the "integrated plate" construction plan, in the factory will be insulation, protection, decorative layer processed together, like a "sandwich", like a one-time installation on the external wall of the building just fine. In this way, there is no possibility that the insulation material will be exposed and exposed to open flames. Frankfurt, Germany, did it as early as 20 years ago.
As for the cost, thin plastering (outer facing brush coating) construction is 120 yuan per square meter, and integrated sheet construction is 200 yuan per square. This is basically the same as the cost of "plaster + exterior tiling." This method has been applied in the Tianqiao District government building in Jinan and the Wuyingshan office.
Speaking of hidden dangers, Sun Xiaobing, School of Law and Political Science, Shandong Jianzhu University believes that the chaotic management of the qualification of exterior insulation enterprises is also in urgent need of solution. "China has anti-corrosion insulation qualification standards, but it is developed for the pipeline insulation project, does not apply to exterior insulation projects, resulting in the external control of external thermal insulation technology companies without construction qualification, qualified outsiders are not familiar with the external insulation technology. He proposed the establishment of a special construction qualification management system for exterior wall thermal insulation teams, a training system for construction workers, a professional contracting and guarantee system to reduce hidden dangers in construction.
Will the external insulation industry or the reshuffle of fires promote the revision of the fire code standards? Fire experts have long been concerned about this issue. Li Fuzheng, a senior engineer of the Linfen City Fire Fighting Brigade, wrote in 2009 that in China, despite the requirements of the relevant standards for the flame retardancy of external wall insulation materials, the fire safety of external wall insulation has lacked clear and specific regulations. In this regard, it is very necessary to put forward preventive measures or solutions as soon as possible.
Meng Yang thinks that in the field of external wall thermal insulation alone, this fire is a reflective opportunity. All external wall insulation programs, standards, and norms should be re-sorted and improved under the premise of adhering to building energy conservation. Effectively curb and eliminate the risk of fire.
“For example, why 80% of the external wall insulation in buildings is still using thin plastering? Because the country has atlas, there is no risk to design accordingly. To improve, standards are the source. If so, the external wall insulation industry It may be possible to re-shuffle the card. Insurance companies, scientific research teams and owners of the university and other social forces can participate in fire prevention to form a wider and thicker firewall," said Meng Yang.
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