Fuel injection pump is an important component of the diesel fuel supply system, and its working conditions are good or bad, directly affecting the dynamic performance of diesel engines, economic performance and reliability. Proper maintenance is to ensure the normal operation of fuel injection pump and to extend the life of an important prerequisite. Based on years of practice, the author concluded that the proper use and maintenance of Deutz 413F and 513 series diesel injection pump should pay attention to the following ten aspects, as follows: 1, should pay attention to the use and filtration of diesel to ensure entry The diesel fuel in the pump is highly clean. In general, diesel filters on diesel far more than the requirements of gasoline engine gasoline is much higher, when used to use the required grade diesel, and at least after 48h precipitation. Strengthen the cleaning and maintenance of the diesel filter, timely cleaning or replacement of filters; timely cleaning of the diesel tank according to operating environmental conditions, the complete removal of impurities at the bottom of the tank, sludge and water, diesel impurities in any of the fuel injection pump plunger, Oil valve coupling parts and transmission parts caused serious corrosion or wear. 2, should always check the fuel pump sump oil quality and its quality to meet the requirements. Check the quantity and quality of the oil in the injection pump before starting each diesel engine (except for the injection pump forced by the engine) to ensure the quantity of oil is enough and the quality is good. If the oil is deteriorated due to mixing with water or diesel, the lighter Early wear and tear of the plunger and the delivery valve couple lead to insufficient diesel engine power, difficult start-up, and serious corrosion and corrosion of the plunger and the delivery valve. As the pump leakage, poor working oil valve, tappet and housing wear and tear, seal damage, will make the diesel oil leak into the tank and dilute the oil, it should be based on the quality of the oil in time to replace, to replace the oil The pool is thoroughly cleaned to remove impurities such as sludge at the bottom of the sump, otherwise the oil will deteriorate if not used for a long time. The amount of oil can not be too much or too little, too much fuel in the governor, easily lead to diesel "flying", too little fuel and will make the poor lubrication, oil dipstick or oil plane screw shall prevail. In addition, when the diesel engine is not used for a long time, be sure to check the pump oil in the oil tank if there is water, diesel and other impurities, if any, to be replaced immediately, otherwise stored for a long time, water easily lead to the plunger A piece of rust stuck and scrapped. 3, to regularly check and adjust the fuel injection pump advance angle and fuel supply interval angle of each cylinder. In use, due to the loose coupling bolts, the wear of the camshaft and the roller body parts often lead to changes in the fuel supply advance angle and the angle interval of the oil supply of each cylinder, which deteriorates the diesel combustion, and the dynamic performance of the diesel engine is economical Sexual deterioration, but also will start difficult, unstable operation, abnormal noise and overheating. In actual use, most drivers attach importance to the inspection and adjustment of the overall fuel supply advance angle, but ignore the inspection and adjustment of the fuel supply interval angle (involving single pump fuel supply advance angle adjustment), leading to the overall adjustment although the first cylinder fuel supply is , But the remaining cylinders due to the camshaft, roller gear wear and other reasons so that the fuel is not necessarily positive, the same will lead to difficult to start the diesel engine, power shortage, unstable operation, especially for the use of longer fuel pump to Said that more attention should be paid to check the oil supply angle adjustment. 4, should regularly check and adjust the fuel pump cylinder fuel supply. As a result of the wear and tear of the plunger coupling and the oil valve couple, the internal leakage of diesel oil will reduce or uneven the fuel supply of each cylinder, resulting in difficulties such as difficulty in starting the diesel engine, insufficient power, increased fuel consumption, unstable operation and the like. Therefore, we must regularly check and adjust the fuel supply to each cylinder fuel supply to ensure that the diesel engine power. In actual use, by observing diesel exhaust, listen to the engine sound, touch the exhaust manifold temperature and other methods to determine the size of the cylinder for fuel. 5, should check the fuel injection pump camshaft clearance. The injection pump camshaft axial clearance requirements are very strict, generally between 0.03 ~ 0.15mm, if the gap is too large, it will aggravate the wheel drive parts on the cam working surface impact, thereby increasing the early surface of the cam Wear and change the fuel supply advance angle; camshaft bearing shaft, radial clearance is too large, easy to cause the camshaft operation is not smooth, the oil lever adjustment jitter, periodic changes in fuel supply, the diesel engine is not running smoothly, so regular inspection Adjustment. Camshaft axial clearance is too large, can be added on both sides of the gasket adjustment, radial clearance is too large, the general to replace the new. 6, Regularly check the seal of the valve parts regularly. Fuel injection pump work for some time, by checking the seal of the oil valve plunger can wear and pump work to make a rough judgment, which will help determine the repair and maintenance methods. When checking, unscrew the high-pressure pipe fittings of each cylinder, use the hand pump of the oil pump to pump the oil, and if the oil pump's oil joint at the top of the fuel pump is found to have oil flow out, it indicates that the oil valve is badly sealed (of course, This happens), such as multi-cylinder seal appears bad phenomenon, then the injection pump should be thoroughly debugged maintenance, replacement of parts. 7, should use the standard high-pressure tubing. Fuel pump in the fuel supply process, due to the compressibility of diesel fuel, high pressure hose elasticity, high pressure diesel pressure fluctuations in the pipe, the pressure wave transmission in the pipe takes some time, in order to ensure consistent fuel supply interval for each cylinder, fuel supply Even quantity, diesel engine work smoothly, the length and diameter of high-pressure tubing are selected after calculation. Therefore, when a cylinder high pressure tubing damage, the application of standard length and diameter tubing replacement. In actual use, due to the lack of standard tubing, substitute with other tubing, regardless of tubing length, diameter is the same, the tubing length and diameter difference, although emergency use, but will lead to the cylinder oil Advance angle and fuel supply changes, resulting in machine work is not stable, so be sure to use the standard high-pressure tubing. 8, should regularly check the key groove, coupling and fixing bolts wear. Related keyway, couplings and bolts mainly refers to the camshaft keyway, coupling flange keyway and flexible connecting piece (with the power transmission coupling pump), semi-circular key and the coupling bolts. Fuel injection pump camshaft keyway, flange keyway, semicircular key, such as long-term use, the light of wear and tear, so that the keyway broadened, the installation of semi-circular key is not strong, fuel advance angle changes; heavy keys roll, resulting in power transmission Failure. For fuel injection pumps connected by flexible connecting plates, check the integrity of the coupling and the elastic connecting plates frequently. If the coupling or the elastic connecting plates are damaged, it may cause the diesel engine oil supply angle to change so that the diesel engine burns seriously and After the shutdown may not start and other failures. Therefore, it should be regularly checked, promptly repair or replace the damaged parts. 9, should be replaced in time to wear the plunger and the oil valve parts. When it is found that the diesel engine is difficult to start, the power is decreased and the fuel consumption is increased. When the fuel injection pump and the fuel injector are still not improved, the plunger of the fuel injection pump and the valve of the oil discharge valve should be disassembled. For example, the plunger and the outlet valve wear to a certain extent , Should be promptly replaced, do not insist on reuse. Diesel engine due to wear even after the start of difficulties, increased fuel consumption, lack of power and other losses far more than the cost of replacement parts, replacement of diesel engine power and economy will be significantly improved, so timely wear and tear Even parts to be replaced. 10, should be properly maintained fuel pump accessories. Pump side cover, dipstick, refueling plug (respirator), oil spill valve, oil spigot plug, oil level screw, oil pump mounting bolts, etc., to ensure undamaged, these accessories play a crucial role in the work of the fuel pump Important role. Such as the side cover to prevent the intrusion of dust, moisture and other impurities, respirators (with filter) can effectively prevent the deterioration of oil; oil valve to ensure that the fuel system has a certain pressure without entering the air, if the oil valve problems, may As a result, the diesel engine can not work normally. Therefore, we must strengthen the maintenance of these attachments, found damaged or lost timely repair or replacement.
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