First, choose good varieties. Choose fertile, heat-resistant, storage-resistant, melon-type, melon-flavored, high-yield, good-quality varieties, such as Zaofeng No.3, Cuilu No.1, Suiyou, Emerald, Big Top Balsam, Jiangmen bitter gourd, Sliding bitter gourd, Xiafeng 2, Sapphire bitter gourd, New Green No. 2 long body oil melon.
Second, germination and seedlings. The seed coat of bitter gourd is hard, soaking seeds and germination before sowing to facilitate emergence. Generally autumn plants are around August. Before seeding, put the seeds into warm water, scrub them with fine grinding wheel, wash them with clean gauze, soak them in clean water for 12 hours, pick up the seeds, and wrap them with gauze or wet paper. Wrap the heat and germination, the temperature should be maintained at 28 ° C - 30 ° C, moist germination, 3-4 days can be bud, bud length 1 cm can be sown. Use nutrient cup seedlings, mix high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, superphosphate, potassium chloride, vegetable garden mud, etc. to mix the nutrient soil. After 20-25 days of tanning, the seed that has been germinated is spotted in a nutrition cup, covering about 3 cm thin. The soil layer is placed in the seedbed, and then covered with a bamboo bow 45-50 cm high, covered with a nylon film, and when the melon seedling grows 5-6 leaves, the field can be transplanted.
Third, the land preparation. Bitter gourd is not strict with soil requirements, but it is better to use fertile, moist, deep soil layer and convenient drainage. Should be selected for more than two years without planting melons, fertilizing and fertile land. The whole body is squatted, generally 1.5-2 meters wide and 30-40 cm high.
Fourth, apply enough base fertilizer. The bitter gourd has a long growing period, a high yield, and a large amount of fertilizer. The base fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg of farmyard manure, 80 kg of superphosphate, 15-25 kg of potassium, 10-12 kg of urea, and mixed in the ditch.
5. Reasonable close planting. The bitter melon field planting can be single-row and double-planting, with a plant spacing of 60-70 cm; single-row planting, plant spacing 28-30 cm; double-row single planting, plant spacing 40-50 cm, row spacing 40-50 cm. After the transplant, the root water is poured.
Sixth, water and fertilizer management. Bitter gourd is wet, but it is not resistant to sputum. It needs sufficient water supply during the seedling stage and flowering period. The glutinous surface should be kept moist. After the rainstorm, the water should be removed in time to prevent rotten roots. In addition to the base fertilizer, the bitter gourd should be topdressed in time. In the seedling stage, the application of water and fertilizer should be applied 1-2 times, once every 3-7 days before the first flower and the first time, and once after the harvest. Dig shallow trenches on both sides of the raft, apply 40-50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre or 30 kg of urea plus 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer plus 15 kg of potassium fertilizer, and then cover the soil; or apply 500-700 kg of manure and 3-4 kg of urea. Mix and apply to extend the harvest period.
Seven, pruning vines. When the bitter gourd grows out of the wire, it is necessary to insert a herringbone frame to attract the vines to avoid entanglement of the vine leaves, and the top of the frame is cross-tightened. The bitter melon is strong in branching, and the vines should be diligent in the early stage, and it should be carried out in the sunny afternoon to prevent folding. After harvesting the main vine fruit, it will be transferred to the side branching melon. Therefore, after the vine is put on the shelf, the side branches of the main vine stem 40-50 cm or less should be removed, and the upper thin side vines should be removed to make the field ventilate. To reduce disease and increase the rate of fruit set.
Eight, prevention of pests and diseases. The disease of bitter gourd mainly includes seedling stage blight, stagnation disease, middle and late anthrax, powdery mildew and blight. Tripping disease, blight can be sprayed with 200ppm agricultural streptomycin, 25% chlorothalonil 600-800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500-600 times solution. Anthracnose and powdery mildew can be sprayed with 50% thiophanate, dexamethasone 500 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil or 600-700 times solution; the diseased leaves and diseased melon should be removed and then sprayed. 50% anthrax fumei 300-400 times liquid or 20% powder rusting 1500-2000 times liquid control. Fusarium wilt can be sprayed or rooted with 70% dikesone 800-1000 times solution; 20-30 days after planting, 50% thiophanate 600 times solution per plant, half a liter of roots, or 10% double effect spirit 200- 300 times liquid leaching root, has a certain control effect.
The bitter melon pests mainly include aphids, red spiders, yellow squash, black squash, melon flies, etc., can spray dichlorvos or trichlorfon 500-800 times liquid, insecticidal double 200 times liquid or 40% dicofol 800-1000 times liquid or 2.5 % cypermethrin, fenvalerate 3000-4000 times liquid spray treatment.
Nine, timely harvest. Bitter melon should harvest the tender melon in time to ensure the quality and increase the later results. When the fruit grows to a certain length, the tumor of the fruit shoulder expands, the tumor groove becomes shallow, the melon top is large, the fruit is shiny, and when the fruit is green, it should be harvested in time.
OVERVIEW
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