First, the lettuce gray mold 1. Symptoms Gray mold mainly harms the leaves and stem base, and the seedlings are mostly affected on the stems and leaves close to the ground. After colonization, the disease begins from the old leaves. The diseased part becomes a water-stained lesion, the leaves turn yellow and die, the diseased stems rot, the gray mold of the dense mice, and the whole base is infested when the soil is severe, causing the plants to wither.
2. Prevention and control Choose healthy strains to keep seeds, select seeds with salt water (salt 0.5 kg plus water 5 kg) before planting, and remove the sclerotia mixed with seeds. Remove old leaves, improve ventilation, strengthen ventilation, and reduce disease. Rational fertilization, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, clean the pastoral, and remove the central diseased strain. The following drugs can be sprayed on the chemical control: 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% tobuzon wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% chlorhexidine wettable powder 400 times solution, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 400 times solution, or 50% antibacterial 800 times solution, or antibacterial agent "407" 800 times solution, or lime: copper sulfate: water is 1:2:200 ~ 240 Bordeaux mixture, 7 Spray once every 10 days, continuously spray 2 to 3 times, or 2000 times solution of basal water.
Second, lettuce soft rot 1. Symptoms Soft rot occurs in the late growth stage, the pathogen is bacteria, soil, fertilizer, insects can carry bacteria. When the autumn-sown lettuce enters the ball-forming period and the harvest period, the appearance of the leaf stem is not abnormal. The pathogen is invaded by the wound and is prone to occur at high temperatures in early autumn. The infected plants wilted during the day and returned to normal in the evening. In severe cases, the night wilting could not be restored. Anatomical observation shows that the medulla is hollowed out, stenching, and finally the stem rots and dies.
2. Prevention After spraying, spray 40% organic ketone 800 times solution several times. At the beginning of the disease, the following agents are sprayed, and the part near the bottom is sprayed to control the disease. 50% of the dexamethasone water 800 times solution, or streptomycin 200 to 300 units, or chloramphenicol 300 units, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times.
Third, lettuce rot disease 1. Symptoms Rot disease is caused by water-stained lesions on the 2 to 3 layers of the surface of the ball, and then the whole leaf rots and transfers to the inner leaves. From the beginning of the ball, the heavier the freezing damage is also serious, and the soluble solid content of the leaf juice in the heaviest part is reduced. The viability of the roots during the period of entering the ball is reduced, and if the disease continues to the harvest period, the damage is severe.
2. Prevention and control The lettuce cultivated in the harvest should pay attention to thoroughly prevent pests from the beginning of the ball to prevent the pests from harming the leaves and causing the disease. Lettuce cultivated in winter harvest should pay attention to prevent the occurrence of frost damage. Arch shed insulation can be adopted to plant large seedlings, shorten the growth period and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the beginning of the disease, 40% organic ketone 800 times solution was sprayed.
Fourth, lettuce leaf blight 1. Symptoms Leaf blight mainly harms the leaves, the spots are irregularly taupe to dark brown, the edges of the leaves are yellow-brown, and the spots on the lesions are black dots, which is the pathogen conidia. Rapid development under low temperature and high humidity conditions. In addition, during the daytime drought, nighttime exposure, when the temperature is too high or too low, the growth is poor, the disease resistance is reduced, and the disease is aggravated.
2. Prevention and treatment Select disease-free seeds or seeds for disinfection, and use the acre roots to select disease-free petioles and stems and leaves to prevent bacteria. The use of two-year old seeds has a certain anti-disease effect. The new seeds must be disinfected and used. It can be soaked in warm water at 48-49 °C for 30 minutes. The seeds are continuously stirred during soaking, so that the seeds are evenly heated. Immediately after soaking seeds, put them into cold water to cool down. This method has a little influence on the germination rate of the seed, and generally reduces the germination rate by about 10%, but the disinfection is relatively thorough. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves can be removed to reduce the pathogen. After planting the seedlings, spray once every 10 to 15 days. The following agents can be sprayed: Bordeaux mixture (11:0.8:2000), or 65% sensitized zinc wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% dexamethasone 1000 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 Double liquid, or lime ketone powder (80 parts lime, 20 parts copper sulfate powder) or lime ketone sulfur powder (30 parts lime, 10 parts copper sulfate powder, 10 parts sulfur powder).
2. Prevention and control Choose healthy strains to keep seeds, select seeds with salt water (salt 0.5 kg plus water 5 kg) before planting, and remove the sclerotia mixed with seeds. Remove old leaves, improve ventilation, strengthen ventilation, and reduce disease. Rational fertilization, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, clean the pastoral, and remove the central diseased strain. The following drugs can be sprayed on the chemical control: 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% tobuzon wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% chlorhexidine wettable powder 400 times solution, or 65% Dyson zinc wettable powder 400 times solution, or 50% antibacterial 800 times solution, or antibacterial agent "407" 800 times solution, or lime: copper sulfate: water is 1:2:200 ~ 240 Bordeaux mixture, 7 Spray once every 10 days, continuously spray 2 to 3 times, or 2000 times solution of basal water.
Second, lettuce soft rot 1. Symptoms Soft rot occurs in the late growth stage, the pathogen is bacteria, soil, fertilizer, insects can carry bacteria. When the autumn-sown lettuce enters the ball-forming period and the harvest period, the appearance of the leaf stem is not abnormal. The pathogen is invaded by the wound and is prone to occur at high temperatures in early autumn. The infected plants wilted during the day and returned to normal in the evening. In severe cases, the night wilting could not be restored. Anatomical observation shows that the medulla is hollowed out, stenching, and finally the stem rots and dies.
2. Prevention After spraying, spray 40% organic ketone 800 times solution several times. At the beginning of the disease, the following agents are sprayed, and the part near the bottom is sprayed to control the disease. 50% of the dexamethasone water 800 times solution, or streptomycin 200 to 300 units, or chloramphenicol 300 units, spray once every 7 to 10 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times.
Third, lettuce rot disease 1. Symptoms Rot disease is caused by water-stained lesions on the 2 to 3 layers of the surface of the ball, and then the whole leaf rots and transfers to the inner leaves. From the beginning of the ball, the heavier the freezing damage is also serious, and the soluble solid content of the leaf juice in the heaviest part is reduced. The viability of the roots during the period of entering the ball is reduced, and if the disease continues to the harvest period, the damage is severe.
2. Prevention and control The lettuce cultivated in the harvest should pay attention to thoroughly prevent pests from the beginning of the ball to prevent the pests from harming the leaves and causing the disease. Lettuce cultivated in winter harvest should pay attention to prevent the occurrence of frost damage. Arch shed insulation can be adopted to plant large seedlings, shorten the growth period and reduce the occurrence of diseases. At the beginning of the disease, 40% organic ketone 800 times solution was sprayed.
Fourth, lettuce leaf blight 1. Symptoms Leaf blight mainly harms the leaves, the spots are irregularly taupe to dark brown, the edges of the leaves are yellow-brown, and the spots on the lesions are black dots, which is the pathogen conidia. Rapid development under low temperature and high humidity conditions. In addition, during the daytime drought, nighttime exposure, when the temperature is too high or too low, the growth is poor, the disease resistance is reduced, and the disease is aggravated.
2. Prevention and treatment Select disease-free seeds or seeds for disinfection, and use the acre roots to select disease-free petioles and stems and leaves to prevent bacteria. The use of two-year old seeds has a certain anti-disease effect. The new seeds must be disinfected and used. It can be soaked in warm water at 48-49 °C for 30 minutes. The seeds are continuously stirred during soaking, so that the seeds are evenly heated. Immediately after soaking seeds, put them into cold water to cool down. This method has a little influence on the germination rate of the seed, and generally reduces the germination rate by about 10%, but the disinfection is relatively thorough. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased leaves can be removed to reduce the pathogen. After planting the seedlings, spray once every 10 to 15 days. The following agents can be sprayed: Bordeaux mixture (11:0.8:2000), or 65% sensitized zinc wettable powder 500 times solution, or 50% dexamethasone 1000 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 Double liquid, or lime ketone powder (80 parts lime, 20 parts copper sulfate powder) or lime ketone sulfur powder (30 parts lime, 10 parts copper sulfate powder, 10 parts sulfur powder).
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