As solar photovoltaic technology continues to evolve, the cost of solar power generation has been declining. Today, solar photovoltaic power generation is no longer expensive, even in oil-rich Gulf areas. For the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, solar power has become a better choice than oil power generation. According to Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), solar power will gradually replace oil power generation in the Gulf region, which will save money and provide more oil sales to the international market. The cost of solar photovoltaic power generation fell to a record low of $3.14 per watt in 2010. From the current situation, this trend has continued in 2011. It is estimated that the price of solar photovoltaic power generation in 2011 is expected to drop to 2.73 US dollars per watt. For the Gulf region, the time has come to replace solar power with solar photovoltaic power generation. According to BNEF's report, if global oil prices reach $163 per barrel in 2030, then using solar photovoltaic power will bring GCC a 9.4% internal rate of return. Even if oil prices remain current in 2030 (which is virtually impossible), the internal rate of return on solar PV projects is 4.6%. For Middle Eastern countries, the use of solar energy instead of oil is only the first step. In the long run, they must not only use solar power to generate self-sufficiency but also export. In Egypt, several solar thermal power generation (CSP) projects are under construction, and Jordan plans to cooperate with Israel to develop CSP projects. The UAE is also planning a solar project of more than 100 megawatts. Many Middle Eastern countries have launched solar power projects, the most active of which is Egypt. There are more than 100 megawatts of CSP projects in Egypt's 2012 energy plan, and CSP projects can reach 2,550 megawatts from 2018 to 2022. Despite this, since oil has been in an absolute dominant position in this region for many years, although many oil-rich Middle Eastern countries have promised to increase the proportion of renewable energy, the targets are not too high and they are not active. . The UAE's goal is to achieve 7% of renewable energy generation by 2020. As the most developed country in the Middle East, this goal is obviously a bit shabby. Even Egypt has proposed that 20% of its electricity supply will come from renewable energy targets by 2020. Although most of Egypt's renewable energy generation comes from hydropower, solar energy and wind power will become the main growth points for renewable energy generation in the future. As we all know, the Middle East is rich in oil resources. In addition to oil, sufficient sunshine also gives the region an excellent environment for developing solar energy. In addition, the Middle East also has silicon that can be used to produce solar cells. Therefore, the Middle East can be an important solar photovoltaic production base. The solar photovoltaic cell production has been covered in the Masdar plan of the UAE. It is believed that the solar photovoltaic industry in the region will also develop rapidly and become a new force in the field of solar photovoltaic. Referring to the development of solar energy in the Middle East, another concern is the Sahara Solar Breeder Project, which is a collaboration between Japan and Tunisia. At the end of 2010, Japan and the Tunisian government signed an agreement to cooperate on sustainable commercial projects to jointly develop Tunisia's abundant solar resources. The Sahara Solar Incubation Project is ambitious and hopes to meet half of the world's electricity needs by 2050. The reason for competing to build large solar farms in the Sahara Desert is simple: the Sahara Desert can receive a lot of sunlight and is adjacent to Europe, the main energy-consuming region. Effective use of solar energy can help humans get rid of fossil fuels. Not only that, but the silicon contained in sand is also the basic raw material for making solar panels. Starting with a manufacturing facility that produces usable silicon from sand, the Sahara Solar Incubation Project will use solar panels to make solar panels, which produce more energy for converting more sand into silicon. In theory, this process of self-supply and construction can last for decades. If all goes well, the entire solar power project in the Sahara can use renewable energy and make local resources into solar power to produce more renewable electricity. It's hard to imagine a better sustainable business model than this. From this point of view, it is indeed a great benefit for the Gulf countries to use solar power instead of oil. Not only save money, but also “liberate†more oil for sale. BNEF CEO Michael Ribrek has publicly stated that various signs have indicated that the Middle East is about to usher in a boom in large-scale solar photovoltaic power generation. The continuous decline in costs will help solar photovoltaic power generation quickly open up the Middle East electricity market. For this area with plenty of sunshine, land and sand, it is a pity that it does not develop solar PV. However, this road is not so good, and there are many challenges to change the status quo. In order to develop the solar photovoltaic industry, the most important thing for this region with a good location is whether governments can agree with the development of this new energy industry. After all, the identity and dependence on oil is not so easy to change. At present, the political turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa region may also cast a shadow over the development of solar photovoltaics in the Middle East.
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