American Chinese scientists said on the 6th that they have developed a new type of lithium-ion battery based on water-based electrolyte, which not only eliminates the risk of explosion of traditional lithium-ion batteries, but also reaches the level of traditional lithium-ion batteries, toward the safety of lithium-ion batteries. The practical direction is a big step.
According to the news of Xinhua News Agency on September 7, the work was done by Professor Wang Chunsheng, Dr. Yang Zhongyu from the University of Maryland, and senior chemist Xu Kang from the US Army Research Laboratory. The paper was published in the Joule magazine under the American Cell Press. on.
“This is the first time that a 4-volt battery with a water-based electrolyte has been achieved. It is a very fundamental breakthrough, in principle,†said Yang Zhongyue and others in an e-mail to the reporter. They explained that traditional commercial lithium-ion batteries use extremely flammable organic electrolytes, causing serious safety hazards. The problem of replacing the organic electrolyte with a non-flammable water-based electrolyte is that the former electrochemical stabilization window is generally less than 2 volts. Once the electrode voltage exceeds this number, the electrolyte loses its stability, and therefore the energy density is limited.
They explained that the key to the latest research is to avoid the direct contact of lithium metal or graphite electrodes with water molecules in water-based electrolytes, resulting in the reduction of hydrogen production. To this end, they have developed a very hydrophobic colloidal protective layer material that is evenly coated on the surface of the electrode and effectively prevents electrode failure caused by water decomposing side reactions.
More crucially, they discovered that in the initial charge-discharge cycle, a specific component of the protective layer formed a more dense hydrophobic solid electrolyte interface layer in situ on the surface of the negative electrode, further passivating the surface of the negative electrode, and this solid The interface layer can be self-repaired in the event of partial damage, ensuring the long-term stability of the battery.
Wang Chunsheng and Xu Kang and others pointed out that the research results provide new directions and ideas for the development of high-voltage window safe water-based lithium-ion batteries. From a basic scientific point of view, "stable 4 volt water-based electrolyte can bring many new opportunities for various electrochemical devices." At the same time, water-based lithium-ion batteries can eliminate the indispensable safety devices in traditional lithium-ion batteries, further reducing the weight of the battery components.
They stressed that the current research is still just a proof of concept in the laboratory and there is still a long way to go from commercialization. In the next step, they plan to further optimize and improve the chemical composition of the protective layer of the electrolyte and the structure of the battery, and improve the cycle life of the battery, from the current 70 to 100 cycles to more than 500 cycles of commercialization.
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