First, the nutritional characteristics of fruit trees
1. Fruit trees are perennial crops, longevity and different nutrient requirements in different periods.
Fruit trees undergo different stages of vegetative growth, fruiting, senescence and renewal in their lifetime. Fruit trees have special physiological characteristics and nutritional requirements at different stages:
1 In the young age (the period before the flowering result), the amount of fertilizer needed is small, but it is sensitive to fertilizer. It is required to apply enough phosphate fertilizer to promote root growth and properly mix nitrogen and potassium fertilizer.
2 The initial fruiting period (the period from the flowering result to the time before the economic production is formed) is a critical period for the transformation of vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and fertilization needs to be treated differently. If the vegetative growth is strong, it should be based on phosphate fertilizer, with potassium fertilizer and less nitrogen fertilizer. If the vegetative growth does not meet the requirements of the results, the cultivation of robust trees is still the focus of fertilization, and phosphorus should be the main factor, combined with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers.
3 fruiting period (a large number of fruiting period), aiming at high quality and high yield, maintaining a robust tree and improving fruit quality. This period should be applied with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and it should be based on the tree potential and the results.
4 Update the aging period (the result is reduced, the tree aging period) should be biased with nitrogen fertilizer to promote renewal and rejuvenation, maintain the tree potential and prolong the fruiting period.
2, the deep roots and large opposition to the conditions are strict
Most of the fruit trees are tall, deep and wide, and the requirements for the opposite conditions are strict. The soil with deep soil layer, loose texture, good ventilation and suitable acid and alkali should be selected for cultivation; garden improvement should be carried out before the construction of the garden; A compound fertilizer rich in various nutrients.
3, the root system is scarce, low nutrient utilization
The root density of fruit trees is small and widely distributed. Fertilizer can not be applied evenly around all roots, so the fertilizer utilization rate is low. To improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, we should do the following two aspects: on the one hand, we can promote the absorption of local roots through concentrated fertilization. Local rooting, on the other hand, pay attention to balanced fertilization, slow release of fertilizer, in order to achieve reasonable fertilization according to fruit trees.
4, fruit tree shoots, fruit balance and fertilization are closely related
Flowering, fruiting and flower bud differentiation were carried out while vegetatively growing in the annual cycle of the fruit tree. In order to achieve high yield of fruit trees in successive years, fertilization of fruit trees requires strict attention to the dynamic balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and the fertilization program is formulated.
5. Storage nutrition is especially important for fruit trees.
Storage nutrition can ensure that the plants will pass through the bad period smoothly, and ensure the supply of nutrients in the next year. If the shortage is insufficient, the winter tree body resistance will inevitably decrease, and cold damage, frost damage and even death will occur, which will affect the normal germination and flowering in the second year. Fruit set, new shoot growth, etc. The key period for improving storage nutrition is that before the fruit is harvested and before the leaves, early application of base fertilizer and strengthening of root-free fertilizer are effective technical measures.
6, high consumption of vitamins need to be constantly added
Fruit trees are perennial plants, and their preference for certain elements may lead to the lack of such elements. It is important to pay attention to the soil management from the beginning of planting, and to strengthen the application of fertilization, especially the micro-fertilizer, in order to provide the elements needed for fruit trees. Rooted tree."
Second, the principle of fertilization of fruit trees
The purpose of fertilization is to meet the needs of fruit trees for various nutrients, increase yield, improve quality, fertilize soil, and improve the physical and chemical properties of soil. Therefore, fertilization of fruit trees should be based on their nutritional characteristics and actual conditions. The general principles of fertilization are:
1. The principle of combining land and land, and combining organic and inorganic. The organic fertilizer that has become a “full-flavour fertilizer†contains comprehensive nutrients. After mineralization, it can basically provide various nutrients needed for fruit trees and reduce the occurrence of deficiency symptoms. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer. .
2. The principle of changing soil and rooting and fertilizing. The local optimization of the orchard soil through the use of hole storage fertilizer water, gully roots, and fruit soil media, plays an important role in improving fertilizer utilization and fruit tree growth and development.
3. The principle of balanced fertilization. Balanced fertilization is based on the fertilizer requirement of fruit trees, soil fertility characteristics and fertilizer effects. Under the conditions of organic fertilizers, according to the yield and quality requirements of fruit trees, rational fertilization techniques are applied, and appropriate proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied. And micro fat. Balanced fertilization comprehensively considers the conditions of “the law of fertilizer for fruit treesâ€, “the performance of soil fertilization†and the “fertilizer effectâ€.
4. Pay attention to the use of trace elements. According to the needs of fruit trees for trace elements, micro-fertilizer should be supplemented in time to avoid the symptoms of deficiency and affect the normal growth and development of fruit trees.
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