First, the base chooses the ecological environment is good, the air is clean, the traffic is convenient, away from factories, mines, traffic trunks, the soil layer is more than 1 meter deep, the soil pH is between 4.5 and 6.5, the soil structure is good red and yellow soil, and The mountain farm without any pollution sources around it is used as a production base for green food tea.
Second, tea planting 1, tea plantation. The mountain slope with a slope of more than 15 degrees is used to establish a platform with equal contours. The height of the platform is low and the height is high. There is a bamboo sulcus inside. The width of the table is more than 1.5 meters. The depth of the planting ditch is more than 50 centimeters. According to the terrain, take a big bend. Take advantage of the trend, small bends and straight ways. At the same time establish a tea garden road system. Easy to work and walk.
2, seedlings and variety selection. Choose varieties that adapt to local natural conditions, cold resistance, disease resistance, stress resistance, high yield and quality. The quality of seedlings meets the standards stipulated in GB11767-1989, and the varieties are selected from the varieties of clonal Tieguanyin, Jinguanyin, Benshan and other suitable oolong tea.
3, seedlings planted. Before planting, 300 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer was applied per mu of tea plantation, and the depth of fertilization was below 30 cm, and planted by double-row single plant.
Third, fertilizer management 1, fertilizer selection. Based on organic fertilizers, limited use of limited chemical fertilizers to ensure the demand for nutrients in tea tree growth, to ensure the safety of green food tea quality, and to promote sustainable production of the garden.
2. The use of fertilizer.
(1) Base fertilizer. In the October-November of each year, the ditch method is applied, and 150 kg of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer is applied per mu of tea garden.
(2) Topdressing. According to the growth of tea trees, ammonia-based potassium sulphate compound fertilizer is used as top dressing. Generally, the fertilizer is applied twice a year. It is applied once in February and August of the same year. Each time the fertilizer is 30 kg, the ditch is applied. That is, the vertical digging of the canopy is dug 20 cm of the ditch, and the soil is covered with fertilization, and it can be applied in rainy days.
Fourth, the control of pests and diseases. Promote the prevention and control technology of tea tree diseases, insects and grasses, pay attention to improving the environment of tea gardens, give play to the natural control ability of tea gardens, adhere to the basis of agricultural prevention and control, develop biological control, protect and utilize natural enemy resources, and reduce the use and use of pesticides. Promote the use of high-efficiency, low-toxic and low-residue environmentally-friendly pesticides, prohibit the use of pesticides that are prohibited by the state, and implement the Regulations on Pesticide Management of the People's Republic of China, NY/T394-2000 Green Food Fertilizer Use Standard, NY/T393-2000 in the production process. The guidelines for the use of green food pesticides are strictly in accordance with the “Pesticide and Fertilizer Management System†formulated by the unit. At the same time, the safety intervals should be met to ensure that the raw materials of tea products meet the standards and requirements of green food.
1. Agricultural control:
(1) Weeding. Weeding was carried out in May and September each year to remove grass from the garden.
(2) Deep turn. In the next year, from October to November, the park was deep-turned, with a depth of 25-30 cm. It improved the soil structure, destroyed the wintering places of pests and diseases, and reduced the occurrence of pests and diseases in the following year.
(3) Trimming. In February, the range of 3 to 5 cm in depth on the picking surface was lightly trimmed to remove small claws, chicken claws, and diseased branches on the canopy surface.
(4) Picking. In the production season, according to the requirements of tea varieties, fresh leaves are harvested in a timely, classified, and batchwise manner, and fresh leaves and branches damaged by pests and diseases are removed in time.
(5) Qingyuan. Remove pests, leaves, weeds, etc. in the tea garden and on the ground, and burn them or bury them in depth to eliminate the wintering places of pests and diseases. Reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.
2. Biological control. Protect and utilize the beneficial parasitic and predatory natural enemies in the tea garden. In the breeding period of natural enemies, use little or no chemical pesticides as much as possible to reduce the damage to natural enemies and achieve the effect of treating insects with insects, treating insects with bacteria, and treating diseases with bacteria. Ensure product quality and safety.
3. Chemical control. Disabling pesticides prohibited by the state, strengthening the work of measuring pests and diseases, mastering the dynamics of pests and diseases in tea gardens, timely prevention and control, improving the control effect, reducing the amount of pesticides used and the number of uses. In order to ensure that the products meet the quality standards of green foods, according to the local tea gardens, tea, green leafhoppers, mites and other pests are likely to occur, and corresponding prevention measures are taken.
Tea small green leaf cockroaches: the first time in two times a year: in the middle and late May, using 2.5% lenient water, 30 ml / acre, 1500 times liquid, for foliar spray, after spraying for 10 days, tea can be collected. .
The second time: in mid-September, 10% imidacloprid powder, 24 g / acre, 3000 times, for foliar spray, after 14 days of spraying, tea can be taken.
Control leaf mites: one year of prevention and control at the end of November at the end of the tea tree picking speed using 45% stone sulphur crystals, 250-375 g / acre, 150 times the drug solution for prevention.
5. Tea tree pruning According to the different age, growth and pruning purposes of tea tree growth, the method of shaping and pruning of young trees, light pruning and deep pruning of mature trees are used to cultivate and optimize the canopy structure, strengthen the tree body, and extend the age of the tree. Improve the resistance of tea trees to pests and diseases. The light trimming of the green and young trees is generally carried out in a flat or curved manner, and the small pile heads and thin branches on the crown surface are removed, and the depth is preferably 5-10 cm.
6. Tea picking According to the growth characteristics of tea trees and the requirements of tea processing, the combination of harvesting and breeding, according to local conditions, batch picking, staging, and graded according to the standard timely picking. When picking tea, use the method of picking or picking, use clean and ventilated baskets to prevent the fresh leaves from spoiling or mixing with other harmful substances. The picking standard is small open second and third leaf mining, on sunny day 9: After 00, it will be closed in about 2 hours to ensure the quality of fresh leaves.
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