I. Variety selection and construction technology There are many varieties of plum trees. The early maturing varieties with good adaptability in the north and south of China include Hongmeiren, Yali No.1, Japanese Liwang, Mei Li, An Nongmei Li, Japanese Sun God, and Rose. Queen, St. Rose, Dashi Dayu, and red meat, red skin, Brown Lee, which has great market potential, and Australian red meat and plum. The mid-late ripe large fruit varieties mainly include black amber, Angano, royal gemstones, American late-maturing big Li, Guiling, President Lee, Prime Minister Lee and the goddess. According to the traits of various varieties, the resistance of black sapphire to the disease is poor. It is best to choose to build a garden under the dry and cold weather conditions of the Yellow River Basin. In the construction of black gemstones in the Yangtze River Basin, soils with a soil organic quality of 2.0% or more must be selected. Choose 2-3 varieties to plant.
Li Shu planting is best to choose soil fertile, loose soil to build a garden. If you choose a post or a sloping land with poor soil properties, you should strengthen the soil improvement and improve the management level of fertilizer and water before and after the construction. When the garden is built, the line spacing of 3-4×4-5 meters (33-56 plants per acre) is fixed, and the position of the tree raft is determined and the raft is formed. The ditch should be deep, generally 20-30 cm to drain the rain.
Before planting the seedlings, plant the locusts in the planting position. The length, width and depth of the carp are 80×80×60 cm respectively. The depth of the soil and the slope of the soil should be dug to 80-100 cm. In areas with high groundwater levels, such as the Jianghan Plain in Hubei, the depth of the tree shrews is shallower, and even a small pit planted 20-30 cm deep is planted on the surface. After the seedlings are planted, the roots are taken from the surrounding area to wrap the roots into a taro shape. Regardless of the depth of the tree, the base fertilizer must be applied before planting. The types, standards and methods of base fertilizers can be carried out in accordance with the technical requirements for the cultivation of Anong peaches.
Second, soil and fertilizer management of normal soil and fertilizer management can refer to peach trees, but plum trees, especially foreign Brown, such as black gems, should pay more attention to the application of basic fertilizer and loose soil, so that the soil organic matter content continues to increase, otherwise the garden management If it is difficult, it will be difficult to receive quality Li Guo. In the production of autumn and winter, the amount of soil fertility (or ring fertilizer, manure) must not be less than 10,000 kg per mu, and each plant accounts for 100-150 kg or even more. The gardens or saplings with good soil fertility should not be less than 50 kg per plant. If the base fertilizer is mixed with animal fertilizer such as cake fat or chicken, pig manure, etc., the application amount can be reduced a little, but the mixed animal manure must be fully decomposed first. When applying, mix well with the soil and fertilizer, and do not use cake fertilizer. Or chicken manure and other alternative soil fertilizers, this is very important for the black gemstone variety.
Li Yuan should pay attention to drought resistance during drought, especially the mid-late maturing variety Li Yuan. Especially in the fruit expansion period, water shortage has a great impact on yield and tree potential. In the construction of hillsides, you can use the terrain to build a pond and store rainwater puddles.
Third, shaping, trimming technology
(1) Plastic surgery
Li Shu can be shaped by a natural round head shape and a slender spindle shape. The natural round-headed tree retains a central stem, with 3-5 main branches at the base and no second main branch. The main branches are equipped with side branches in turn, and the resulting branches or fruit branches and vegetative branches are placed on the side branches. Generally, varieties with high branching rate and strong branching power, such as Angolno, St. Rose, Royal Gem, President Lee, Japanese Li Wang, and Yali No. 1, are more suitable for adopting natural round head shape, as shown in Figure 8. -1. In the process of plastic surgery, it is necessary to use the means of pulling branches to open the main branch, ease the tree potential and promote early fruit. The slender spindle-shaped tree shape is more suitable for varieties with high germination rate, but low branching rate, that is, varieties with less branches and branches, such as black peony beautiful plum, American late-maturing plum, etc., the tree-shaped dry height 50 -60 cm, the crown is 3-3.5 m high, and there are 10-12 main branches (or result branches) on the center. The angle between the main branch and the center stem is larger, at 65-75 degrees. Can not be too level, otherwise the main branch will hang down after the fruit is hanging, causing the tree to decline. The vertical distance between the main branches should be kept at 10-15 cm, but the vertical distance of the main branches on the same side should not be less than 50 cm, and the main branches of the lower layer should be 1-2 m long. The upper main branches are gradually shortened, and the upper part is pagoda-like. The whole tree is spindle-shaped.
It should be pointed out that the Li variety suitable for the elongated spindle-shaped tree shape can also be shaped according to the natural round shape. Such as black gems, American late-maturing big plums, etc., in the shaping process, it is possible to adopt a method of short-cutting to promote the branches, and then to open the branches to open the angle, which can not only complete the tree shape early, but also help to improve the early yield.
(two) pruning
Plum tree pruning should be classified according to tree age, tree potential and breed habits. Generally, young trees should be lightly cut and long-disposed. Except for several main branch extension heads and side branch extension heads, which must be short-cut (external buds), the other branches are generally not long-cut, so as to promote the formation of flower buds. Among them, varieties with strong branching ability (more hair branches), such as Angoluo, should be more sparsely branched, that is, in the first year of winter plastic surgery, leave 4-5 main branches, and the excess branches on the center stem should be removed. (Abandonment) to prevent excessive saplings, disturbing the tree shape and affecting the fruit. For varieties with weak branches (small shoots), such as black gems, late-maturing plums, beautiful plums, etc., when saplings are shaped, the number of main branches may be small in the first year of winter, which may be appropriate. Make short cuts and promote new shoots for main branch culture. After 2-3 years, the number of crowns and main branches are cultivated in place, and can be used for long-term treatment to promote the transformation of branches into flowers and fruits as soon as possible. In the process of sapling shaping and pruning, the method of rope pulling and brick falling should be adopted to open the main branch angle, especially the black gems, beautiful plums and other varieties with weak branches, and the branches are easy to grow and grow, and the angle of opening is It is very effective to improve the early yield by easing the branch and promoting flower formation.
Lishu entering the fruiting period should pay attention to adjusting the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth to prevent premature aging of trees. To control the yield, appropriate short cuts to increase the growth of new shoots. Maintain the vitality of the tree to ensure high yield and stability.
Fourth, improve the fruit set rate and promote quality
The flowering period of plum trees is susceptible to adverse weather such as rain and cold air, which often leads to low fruit setting rate. To this end, attention should be paid to the following ways:
1, correctly planted pollination tree
This is a prerequisite for a high yield. When building a garden, you should choose a match based on the affinity between the varieties. When the garden was built, there was no Lishuyuan with a pollination tree, and the pollinated varieties could be introduced into the canopy for high-replacement (high-level grafting). Generally, the plants are connected in a ratio of 1/3, and each tree is grafted with 1-2 branches. For example, black amber and black gemstones are pollinated with each other, and black amber can also be selected as pollination variety, such as Yali No.1, Japanese Liwang, and Aoderoda. Beautiful Li can choose Ya Li No.1, Japanese Sun God Li as a pollination tree, Angano, American late-maturing Li, royal gems and so on. In production, only 2-3 varieties of plums that meet the flowering period are planted in the same garden, which can solve the pollination problem and improve the fruit setting rate.
2, flowering boron and bee
Like hybrid rapeseed, if you can spray 0.3% boron fertilizer solution on the tree at the initial flowering stage (100 kg water to boron fertilizer 3, try to buy authentic boron fertilizer when buying boron fertilizer, so as not to affect the effect of inferior boron fertilizer) The fruit setting rate has a certain effect. If there are few bees flying in the flowering garden, it is best to borrow 1-2 boxes of bees from the beekeeping professional households to the orchard, which will fully solve the problem of pollination.
3, before flowering irrigation
If the spring is dry, the Li Garden should be watered once every 2 weeks before flowering to make the flowers bloom and open.
4, flowering shelter from the cold
In the flowering period, if there is rain, if there are conditions, a frame cover film can be placed on the crown to prevent rain from rushing the pollen. If there are few bees after the rain stops, artificial assisted pollination can be carried out. You can use the feather duster to lick a flower from the pollinated cultivar tree flower and stick some pollen; then the scorpion scorpion that has been affixed with the pollen will be swept in the pollinated cultivar, so that the flower can spread to the stigma of the pollinated cultivar flower. . Manual-assisted pollination can be carried out once a day, preferably from 9 am to 5 pm, and must be artificially pollinated after dew or rain.
V. Pest Control
The pests of Lishu mainly include aphids, peach aphids, mulberry white mites, red spiders, peach small heartworms, as well as erythromycin perforation (severely broken gums) and red dot disease. For example, through the clearing of the garden in winter, cut off and collect the dead branches of pests and diseases, and burn them intensively. Before the spring germination (the middle part of Anhui Province in mid-March, the north and south should be advanced or delayed accordingly), and the stone sulphur mixture is well prepared (see Appendix). To do this well is equivalent to a quarter of the work of pest control throughout the year. On this basis, it is necessary to do a good job in measuring and forecasting pests and diseases. When the mites occur, imidacloprid (ie, one pass, mites) can be used for prevention and treatment. Red spider, mulberry, etc. can refer to the corresponding technology of pest control in the management technology of Annong No. 1.
Bacterial perforation of Lishu should be a key disease, and its production should be listed as the key point of prevention and control. The method is as follows: 1 Add organic fertilizer, especially soil fertilizer, improve soil and enhance the disease resistance of the tree; Agricultural streptomycin (see multiples using the instructions) spray. When the flow of glue occurs, the residue of the stone sulphur mixture or the sulphur sulphuric acid can be used to water the 2-3 times and then the wound is brushed with a hard brush. If a small amount of quicklime is added to the stone sulphur mixture to form a lime slurry, the brushing effect is better. Others can refer to the control of pests and diseases related to peach trees.
Indoor Wall Light is Lighting Product installed on interior walls, usually consisting of a lampshade and a bracket. They include Wall Sconce and Vanity Light come in various designs and styles, ranging from modern, traditional, artistic, to minimalist. Indoor wall light can be used to provide basic lighting or to create atmosphere and accentuate interior decoration. Some indoor wall light also come with dimmers, allowing for adjustable light levels as needed. They typically use LED or energy-saving bulbs, thus saving energy and being long-lasting.
Indoor Wall Light,Decorative Indoor Wall Light,Decorative Indoor Wall Lamp,Indoor Vanity Light
Zhengdong Lighting Co., Ltd. , https://www.sundintlighting.com