Due to the sharp increase in the prices of agricultural production materials such as fertilizers and pesticides, combined with the traditional planting habits of large water, large fertilizers and large quantities, the production costs of wheat are increased and the benefits are reduced. How to reduce the cost of this autumn broadcast, plant a good variety of wheat? The use of resource-saving wheat production technology is the key to reducing production costs and achieving high yield and efficiency.
First, balanced fertilization, saving the normal growth and development of fertilizer wheat requires a balanced supply of 16 nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is large, which is called a large amount of elements; the demand for boron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc is less, which is called trace element; the demand for calcium, magnesium and sulfur is middle, which is called medium amount element. Although the demand for different elements varies, the various elements are equally important and irreplaceable for the growth and development of wheat; theoretical studies and production practices have proven that wheat yield is subject to the most lacking elements (minimum nutrient limit). Therefore, balanced fertilization is the basic guarantee for high yield of wheat. The application of base fertilizer should master the principle of “mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer and balanced of various nutrientsâ€. In general, 3,000 tons of farmyard manure, 5 kg of urea, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulphate or potassium chloride, and micro-fertilizer (including boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, copper) , iron, magnesium and other trace elements of granular compound fertilizer) can be 10 kg.
Second, fine land preparation, foot sowing and deep cultivation, creating a good soil environment is an important measure to ensure the whole seedling and cultivate strong seedlings. Therefore, we must improve the quality of the land preparation and lay the foundation for planting. Adequate sputum is the basis for wheat seedlings, seedlings and high-yield wheat. It is necessary to adhere to the planting of the foot. If the soil is not good, it should be planted or planted and watered.
Third, the appropriate sowing, reduce the amount of wheat premature sowing, due to high temperature, rapid emergence, growth, the group is prone to excessive development, plant nutrient premature consumption, weak anti-freezing; late sowing, due to low temperature, emergence time Delay, nutrient consumption, low emergence rate, weak seedlings, insufficient growth before winter, small and small tillers, seriously affecting production. According to the experience of various provinces, winter varieties are suitable for sowing in daily average temperature of 16 °C - 18 °C and semi-winter varieties at 14 °C - 16 °C. Within the scope of suitable sowing, the order of planting should be arranged according to the variety, soil fertility, soil quality, and lyrics. Generally speaking, winter varieties can be broadcast early, and semi-winter varieties should be broadcast late, and slow-growing seedlings can be broadcast early, and fertilizers should be planted soon.
Reasonable basic seedlings can well coordinate the relationship between individuals and groups, so that they can make full use of light energy and ground power, which can not only exert the potential of the individual, but also have enough seedlings and spikes per unit area to reach the foot. The purpose of grain, grain weight and high yield. The determination of basic seedlings in wheat fields is mainly related to sowing date and soil fertility. The early sowing date is longer due to longer tillering time, which can form enough spikes, and the basic seedlings should be less; the sowing date is late, and the basic seedlings should be appropriately increased; from the perspective of soil fertility, it should be grasped that “slim field is thin, middle class The principle of Tian Yimi and Feitian should be thin. According to the research and practice in all parts of the province, it is indicated that the fertile land with good irrigating conditions and fertile soil should adopt fine-sown and semi-precision high-yield cultivation techniques. Under the suitable sowing conditions, the basic seedlings should be 80,000-120,000/mu. Suitable; the water pouring conditions and fertility are medium-sized, the basic seedlings are suitable for 120,000-150,000/mu; for the soil with low fertility, the basic seedlings are suitable for 130,000-160,000/mu.
4. Rational fertilizer and water management, ensuring high yield and high efficiency. In the case of applying sufficient base fertilizer, if the soil is planted in a timely manner, if the soil moisture is good before winter, the wheat seedlings grow steadily, generally do not need to chase winter fertilizer and water for winter; Less, soil moisture is poor, you need to pour winter water to calm the ground temperature and improve the anti-freezing ability of wheat. An important task in the field management of various wheat fields in winter and early spring is to plan and suppress to eliminate the knot, eliminate soil cracks, increase the ground temperature, promote the growth of wheat roots, and cultivate strong seedlings; generally do not advocate the recovery of green fertilizer, pouring back to Qingshui .
For most wheat fields, getting up and jointing is an important period for fertilizer and water management. The fertilizer water in the rising period is basically ineffective in increasing the tillering. The fertilizer-water effect has the dual effect of increasing the number of panicles and promoting the large panicles. Therefore, the medium-low-yield wheat field should be topdressed and watered during the up-and-coming period, while the high-yield wheat field should be postponed to the topping stage. The amount of topdressing is generally 15-20 kg of urea per mu, and the top dressing should be combined with watering. The heading and flowering period is the most critical period for wheat water demand. It is necessary to pour the heading flower water.
In addition, spring management should also pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases, such as wheat sheath blight, wheat powdery mildew, wheat aphids and so on.
First, balanced fertilization, saving the normal growth and development of fertilizer wheat requires a balanced supply of 16 nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is large, which is called a large amount of elements; the demand for boron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc is less, which is called trace element; the demand for calcium, magnesium and sulfur is middle, which is called medium amount element. Although the demand for different elements varies, the various elements are equally important and irreplaceable for the growth and development of wheat; theoretical studies and production practices have proven that wheat yield is subject to the most lacking elements (minimum nutrient limit). Therefore, balanced fertilization is the basic guarantee for high yield of wheat. The application of base fertilizer should master the principle of “mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer and balanced of various nutrientsâ€. In general, 3,000 tons of farmyard manure, 5 kg of urea, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulphate or potassium chloride, and micro-fertilizer (including boron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, copper) , iron, magnesium and other trace elements of granular compound fertilizer) can be 10 kg.
Second, fine land preparation, foot sowing and deep cultivation, creating a good soil environment is an important measure to ensure the whole seedling and cultivate strong seedlings. Therefore, we must improve the quality of the land preparation and lay the foundation for planting. Adequate sputum is the basis for wheat seedlings, seedlings and high-yield wheat. It is necessary to adhere to the planting of the foot. If the soil is not good, it should be planted or planted and watered.
Third, the appropriate sowing, reduce the amount of wheat premature sowing, due to high temperature, rapid emergence, growth, the group is prone to excessive development, plant nutrient premature consumption, weak anti-freezing; late sowing, due to low temperature, emergence time Delay, nutrient consumption, low emergence rate, weak seedlings, insufficient growth before winter, small and small tillers, seriously affecting production. According to the experience of various provinces, winter varieties are suitable for sowing in daily average temperature of 16 °C - 18 °C and semi-winter varieties at 14 °C - 16 °C. Within the scope of suitable sowing, the order of planting should be arranged according to the variety, soil fertility, soil quality, and lyrics. Generally speaking, winter varieties can be broadcast early, and semi-winter varieties should be broadcast late, and slow-growing seedlings can be broadcast early, and fertilizers should be planted soon.
Reasonable basic seedlings can well coordinate the relationship between individuals and groups, so that they can make full use of light energy and ground power, which can not only exert the potential of the individual, but also have enough seedlings and spikes per unit area to reach the foot. The purpose of grain, grain weight and high yield. The determination of basic seedlings in wheat fields is mainly related to sowing date and soil fertility. The early sowing date is longer due to longer tillering time, which can form enough spikes, and the basic seedlings should be less; the sowing date is late, and the basic seedlings should be appropriately increased; from the perspective of soil fertility, it should be grasped that “slim field is thin, middle class The principle of Tian Yimi and Feitian should be thin. According to the research and practice in all parts of the province, it is indicated that the fertile land with good irrigating conditions and fertile soil should adopt fine-sown and semi-precision high-yield cultivation techniques. Under the suitable sowing conditions, the basic seedlings should be 80,000-120,000/mu. Suitable; the water pouring conditions and fertility are medium-sized, the basic seedlings are suitable for 120,000-150,000/mu; for the soil with low fertility, the basic seedlings are suitable for 130,000-160,000/mu.
4. Rational fertilizer and water management, ensuring high yield and high efficiency. In the case of applying sufficient base fertilizer, if the soil is planted in a timely manner, if the soil moisture is good before winter, the wheat seedlings grow steadily, generally do not need to chase winter fertilizer and water for winter; Less, soil moisture is poor, you need to pour winter water to calm the ground temperature and improve the anti-freezing ability of wheat. An important task in the field management of various wheat fields in winter and early spring is to plan and suppress to eliminate the knot, eliminate soil cracks, increase the ground temperature, promote the growth of wheat roots, and cultivate strong seedlings; generally do not advocate the recovery of green fertilizer, pouring back to Qingshui .
For most wheat fields, getting up and jointing is an important period for fertilizer and water management. The fertilizer water in the rising period is basically ineffective in increasing the tillering. The fertilizer-water effect has the dual effect of increasing the number of panicles and promoting the large panicles. Therefore, the medium-low-yield wheat field should be topdressed and watered during the up-and-coming period, while the high-yield wheat field should be postponed to the topping stage. The amount of topdressing is generally 15-20 kg of urea per mu, and the top dressing should be combined with watering. The heading and flowering period is the most critical period for wheat water demand. It is necessary to pour the heading flower water.
In addition, spring management should also pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases, such as wheat sheath blight, wheat powdery mildew, wheat aphids and so on.
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