[China Aluminum Industry Network] The melting process in aluminum processing is based on the previous process, which consumes a large amount of energy. Before the 1960s, the world basically used a reverberatory furnace (radiation and heat transfer) to melt the material. However, because the blackness of aluminum is only 0.11-0.19, the thermal efficiency of the furnace is generally low, and the thermal energy is not utilized well. The heat efficiency of a reverberatory furnace without a heat exchanger is generally 16%-25% (average 20%) in China. The United States is 16%^24%, and so is Japan's. In the past one or two decades, with the global energy crisis, countries have paid more and more attention to the use and conservation of energy. Domestic and foreign energy-saving renovation work on industrial kiln is actively exploring, and some have achieved 7 significant results. In summary, the transformation of the aluminum melting furnace is mainly focused on the following five aspects.
As with other metal smelting, aluminum melting furnaces come in a variety of different forms. In recent years, because industrial production requires higher productivity and energy efficiency, and at the same time it has to satisfy various production processes, people are trying hard to study various types of furnaces that are suitable for production. Their purpose is to rationalize and increase their size. Energy saving. Circular furnaces, shaft furnaces, etc. came into being. The round furnace is charged quickly, the auxiliary time can be shortened, and the entire furnace is round type. There is no dead angle in the furnace, the temperature is even, and the residence time of the combustion products in the furnace is relatively prolonged. Therefore, the productivity and thermal efficiency have been improved and the thermal efficiency is generally higher than 30%. The better furnace with a heat exchanger can exceed 40%. However, this kind of furnace is used for feeding the top cover. When the cover is opened, the heat dissipation of the furnace is relatively large, and the long-term radiation of the upper fin of the factory building is affected, which affects the life of the plant.
The tiltable round aluminum melting furnace is convenient for pouring aluminum water, but its underground engineering and mechanical engineering investment is relatively large. The shaft furnace can use flue gas to preheat the material. The aluminum ingot is added from the top to the bottom of the tower. The lower part of the flue gas from the bottom to the top of the vertical tower is generally equipped with a high-speed burning nozzle to intensify the impact convection heating. This type of furnace has a fast melting speed and a high thermal efficiency. However, there are also some outstanding shortcomings, that is, large loss of burning, generally in the 3% - 4% (-1% reverberatory furnace 1% -15%), even worse than 7%). The refractory life of the refractory part of the vertical tower is short, with arching phenomenon and regular maintenance. It is only suitable for single-type alloy production or pure aluminum smelting. It is difficult to wash the furnace and the plant height is limited.
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