One of the important conditions for the high yield of sweet potato is to apply enough fertilizer at the right time to meet the nutrient demand for normal growth of sweet potato at different growth stages. So how do you fertilize potato fields?
First, the fertilizer requirement of sweet potato
Sweet potato requires the most fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The demand for sweet potato for three fertilizers varies with the growth period. The absorption of potassium fertilizer is more than nitrogen and phosphorus from planting to harvesting, especially in the period of tuber enlargement; nitrogen fertilizer absorbs more during the growth period of stems and leaves, and absorbs less during the period of root enlargement; phosphate fertilizer absorbs less in the middle growth period of stems and leaves. And absorb more during the period of root enlargement. Therefore, fertilization of potato fields should be applied to the base fertilizer, early application of fertilizer and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Second, fertilization technology
1. Apply enough base fertilizer. It should be based on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and farmyard manure should be fully decomposed. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for 60% to 80% of the total fertilization amount. The specific fertilization amount depends on the production. The land with a yield of more than 4,000 kilograms per mu is generally 5000 to 7500 kilograms of base fertilizer per mu; the plot of 2500 to 4000 kilograms per mu is generally 3000 to 4000 kilograms of base fertilizer. At the same time, it can be applied with 15 to 25 kg of superphosphate, 100 to 150 kg of plant ash and 7 to 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate.
Fertilization method: using concentrated deep application, thick and thin fertilizer layered combination. More than half of the base fertilizer is applied to the bottom layer during deep tillage, and the remaining base fertilizer can be applied to the bottom of the ridge at the time of ridges or at the time of planting. This method can play a more effective role in fertilizers in the case of insufficient fertilizer. The quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer should be concentrated in the upper layer so that the potato seedlings can be absorbed after they survive.
2. According to local conditions, topdressing. According to the different phases and needs of different growth periods, determine the topdressing period, type, quantity and method to achieve reasonable topdressing. Lifting seedling fertilizer is a shortcoming to make up for the lack of base fertilizer and the slow effect of base fertilizer. Generally, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied. After 3 to 5 days after planting, the seedlings and seedlings are combined to carry out top dressing, and a small hole is opened at 7-10 cm below the seedling side. A small amount of chemical fertilizer, watering and covering the soil immediately after application, can also be rooted with 1% urea water; in the half-month after planting, the seedling fertilizer is applied before and after the planting period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1.5-5 per mu. Kg, pay attention to small plants, apply large plants, do not topdress under drought conditions. In the branching stage, the underground root net is formed, the potato block begins to expand, and the soil fertility is strong. In order to increase the leaf area and improve the photosynthetic production efficiency, it is necessary to topdress early, in order to achieve the purpose of promoting the potato, fast and long. The top dressing time is 30 to 40 days after planting. The amount of fertilizer applied varies depending on the potato land and seedling potential, and the application of long-term potential difference is 7.5-10 kg of ammonium sulfate or 3.5-4.5 kg of urea or 4.5-6 kg of ammonium nitrate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 100 kg of ash. Preferably, the amount can be reduced by half. The amount of nitrogen applied to the seedlings or the roots of the above-mentioned fertilizers is relatively large, and the strong potato-fertilizers should be mainly phosphorus and potassium, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, or heavier with nitrogen and potassium, respectively attacking the cockroach and promoting the potato. High-yield fields with a large amount of base fertilizer can be used without top dressing or single-seeking potash. The beginning of the potato is the most suitable time to adjust the three environmental factors of fertilizer, water and gas. Fertilization is combined with irrigation and timely tillage after application. The potato fertilizer is mainly potassium fertilizer, and the fertilization period is generally 90 to 100 days after planting. Topdressing potassium fertilizer, one is to increase the potassium content in the leaves, can extend the leaf age, increase the stem and petiole to keep it young; secondly, improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote the operation of photosynthetic products; third, stem and potato The high ratio of potassium to nitrogen can promote the expansion of potato tubers. If the potato fertilizer is used, potassium sulphate is used, and 10 kilograms per acre is applied. For example, 100-150 kilograms of grass ash is used. The grass ash cannot be mixed with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and should be applied separately. Adding water when fertilizing can exert its fertilizer effect as soon as possible. Plots prone to premature aging, in the long-term growth of the stems and leaves and the previous few fertilizer-deficient plots, when the yam soil cracked open, the application of a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, a certain increase in yield. Generally, 4 to 5 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, 500 kg of water; or 200 to 250 kg of human excrement, 600 to 750 kg of water, applied along the crack. The expansion stage of potato tubers is 90-140 days after planting. At this time, the late stage of sweet potato growth, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can not only increase yield, but also improve the quality of potato tubers. Use 2% to 5% of superphosphate leaching solution or 1% potassium phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 5% to 10% of filtered ash ash soaking solution, spray after 3 pm, spray per acre Apply 75 to 100 kg of fertilizer. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 sprays.
Third, matters needing attention
Sweet potato is a chlorine-free crop and cannot be applied with fertilizer containing chlorine. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied or applied on the foliar surface.
First, the fertilizer requirement of sweet potato
Sweet potato requires the most fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. The demand for sweet potato for three fertilizers varies with the growth period. The absorption of potassium fertilizer is more than nitrogen and phosphorus from planting to harvesting, especially in the period of tuber enlargement; nitrogen fertilizer absorbs more during the growth period of stems and leaves, and absorbs less during the period of root enlargement; phosphate fertilizer absorbs less in the middle growth period of stems and leaves. And absorb more during the period of root enlargement. Therefore, fertilization of potato fields should be applied to the base fertilizer, early application of fertilizer and application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
Second, fertilization technology
1. Apply enough base fertilizer. It should be based on farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, and farmyard manure should be fully decomposed. The amount of base fertilizer generally accounts for 60% to 80% of the total fertilization amount. The specific fertilization amount depends on the production. The land with a yield of more than 4,000 kilograms per mu is generally 5000 to 7500 kilograms of base fertilizer per mu; the plot of 2500 to 4000 kilograms per mu is generally 3000 to 4000 kilograms of base fertilizer. At the same time, it can be applied with 15 to 25 kg of superphosphate, 100 to 150 kg of plant ash and 7 to 10 kg of ammonium bicarbonate.
Fertilization method: using concentrated deep application, thick and thin fertilizer layered combination. More than half of the base fertilizer is applied to the bottom layer during deep tillage, and the remaining base fertilizer can be applied to the bottom of the ridge at the time of ridges or at the time of planting. This method can play a more effective role in fertilizers in the case of insufficient fertilizer. The quick-acting nitrogen and quick-acting potassium fertilizer in the base fertilizer should be concentrated in the upper layer so that the potato seedlings can be absorbed after they survive.
2. According to local conditions, topdressing. According to the different phases and needs of different growth periods, determine the topdressing period, type, quantity and method to achieve reasonable topdressing. Lifting seedling fertilizer is a shortcoming to make up for the lack of base fertilizer and the slow effect of base fertilizer. Generally, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied. After 3 to 5 days after planting, the seedlings and seedlings are combined to carry out top dressing, and a small hole is opened at 7-10 cm below the seedling side. A small amount of chemical fertilizer, watering and covering the soil immediately after application, can also be rooted with 1% urea water; in the half-month after planting, the seedling fertilizer is applied before and after the planting period, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied 1.5-5 per mu. Kg, pay attention to small plants, apply large plants, do not topdress under drought conditions. In the branching stage, the underground root net is formed, the potato block begins to expand, and the soil fertility is strong. In order to increase the leaf area and improve the photosynthetic production efficiency, it is necessary to topdress early, in order to achieve the purpose of promoting the potato, fast and long. The top dressing time is 30 to 40 days after planting. The amount of fertilizer applied varies depending on the potato land and seedling potential, and the application of long-term potential difference is 7.5-10 kg of ammonium sulfate or 3.5-4.5 kg of urea or 4.5-6 kg of ammonium nitrate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate or 100 kg of ash. Preferably, the amount can be reduced by half. The amount of nitrogen applied to the seedlings or the roots of the above-mentioned fertilizers is relatively large, and the strong potato-fertilizers should be mainly phosphorus and potassium, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, or heavier with nitrogen and potassium, respectively attacking the cockroach and promoting the potato. High-yield fields with a large amount of base fertilizer can be used without top dressing or single-seeking potash. The beginning of the potato is the most suitable time to adjust the three environmental factors of fertilizer, water and gas. Fertilization is combined with irrigation and timely tillage after application. The potato fertilizer is mainly potassium fertilizer, and the fertilization period is generally 90 to 100 days after planting. Topdressing potassium fertilizer, one is to increase the potassium content in the leaves, can extend the leaf age, increase the stem and petiole to keep it young; secondly, improve photosynthetic efficiency and promote the operation of photosynthetic products; third, stem and potato The high ratio of potassium to nitrogen can promote the expansion of potato tubers. If the potato fertilizer is used, potassium sulphate is used, and 10 kilograms per acre is applied. For example, 100-150 kilograms of grass ash is used. The grass ash cannot be mixed with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and should be applied separately. Adding water when fertilizing can exert its fertilizer effect as soon as possible. Plots prone to premature aging, in the long-term growth of the stems and leaves and the previous few fertilizer-deficient plots, when the yam soil cracked open, the application of a small amount of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, a certain increase in yield. Generally, 4 to 5 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, 500 kg of water; or 200 to 250 kg of human excrement, 600 to 750 kg of water, applied along the crack. The expansion stage of potato tubers is 90-140 days after planting. At this time, the late stage of sweet potato growth, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can not only increase yield, but also improve the quality of potato tubers. Use 2% to 5% of superphosphate leaching solution or 1% potassium phosphate solution or 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 5% to 10% of filtered ash ash soaking solution, spray after 3 pm, spray per acre Apply 75 to 100 kg of fertilizer. Spray once every 15 days for a total of 2 sprays.
Third, matters needing attention
Sweet potato is a chlorine-free crop and cannot be applied with fertilizer containing chlorine. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied or applied on the foliar surface.
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