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The United Kingdom "Nature" magazine published on the 8th of a new progress in materials science: American scientists have developed a new easy way to make natural wood into high-performance structural materials. This new type of dense wood, whether it is strength, toughness or anti-elasticity, is outstanding. It is not only extremely lightweight, but also has a durability that is almost higher than that of all current structural metals and alloys.
In general, synthetic structural materials with superior mechanical properties are relatively heavy, some are harmful to the environment, and some are expensive to manufacture (such as polymer-based composites and biomimetic composites). In contrast, natural wood is low in cost and rich in resources. It has been used as a structural material for construction and furniture for thousands of years and has always maintained an important position. However, the mechanical properties of wood are limited and usually cannot meet the needs of many advanced engineering structures and applications.
This time, a team of researchers at the University of Maryland developed a method for treating wood before densifying the wood surface. This densification of the wood surface is intended to substantially increase the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the wood. Generally, under wet conditions, the wood tends to be soft if processed using existing techniques, but the method developed by the team is not affected.
The researchers showed that removing some of the lignin and hemicellulose components before hot pressing can compress the wood more effectively, reducing the thickness by 80% and the density by up to 3 times. Thorough removal of lignin and hemicellulose results in inferior materials, so researchers believe that some of the lignin must be retained in order to bind the wood. The material produced by this method has extremely outstanding strength, toughness and resistance to elasticity, and it is moisture-proof, lightweight, simple and inexpensive to process, and has little damage to the environment. (Reporter Zhang Mengran)
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