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Scientists have for the first time created ultra-fine diamond nanowires whose cores are connected by the basic unit structure of diamonds. According to theory, their strength and hardness surpass the current strongest nanotubes and polymeric materials.
Recently, chemists at Pennsylvania State University discovered for the first time how to produce ultra-fine "diamond nanowires." The core of the diamond nanowires is connected by the basic unit structure of diamonds—carbon atoms are connected end to end in a triangular tetrahedral structure and surrounded by a layer of hydrogen atoms. The researchers speculate that the diamond nanowires have extraordinary properties, strength and hardness than the current strongest nanotubes and polymer materials. Related papers were published in the September 21 issue of Nature Materials.
Nanowires are only a few atoms wide and hundreds of thousands of times thinner than fibers. The research director John Beding, a professor of chemistry at Penn State University, said: "It's like an incredible jeweler, tying the smallest diamonds together into tiny diamond 'necklaces'. Because the center of the line is diamonds, we speculate that It may have extraordinary hardness, strength and purpose."
For nearly a century, people have been trying to compress individual carbon-containing molecules (such as liquid benzene) into an ordered, diamond-like nanomaterial that has been unsuccessful. “We used a large high-pressure device from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to compress 6-mm-wide benzene—this amount is enormous compared to previous experiments.†Co-author, Carnegie Institute for Scientific Research M. Guthrie said, “We have found that, after fully compressing at room temperature and slowly releasing pressure, the carbon atoms have time to react with each other and form a highly ordered single chain of carbon tetrahedrons and become these diamond nanowires.â€
According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on September 21, the researchers compressed benzene, containing 6 carbon atoms and 6 hydrogen atoms. During the compression process, the flat benzene molecules are piled up, bent, and fractured, and then, with the slow release of pressure, the atoms are reconnected in a completely different but still highly ordered manner. The carbon atoms form a tetrahedral structure, and the hydrogen atoms "hang on" outside. The tetrahedrons are connected to each other to form slender nanowires.
The team tested diamond nanowire structures at multiple institutions and using multiple techniques. The results showed that there are still some imperfections in the nanowires and they intend to continue to improve their structure. In addition, they also hope to find ways to make more nanowires. "The high pressure required to make nanowires limits its production capacity, which can only produce a few cubic millimeters at a time, so it is not enough for industrial scale." Bingding said, "One of our goals is to eliminate this restriction and let These diamond nanowires can be produced under more realistic conditions."
These nanowires have a stable tetrahedral core and are the first member of a new class of materials, diamond-based nanomaterials. Beiding said that the formation of this new diamond nanowire with the natural arrangement of benzene molecules also made it possible to make more other types of molecules on the basis of hydrocarbons, such as adding other atoms and combining them with nanowires. By squeezing the designed liquid, a large number of different materials can be created. Diamond nanowires can make tremendous improvements in many industries, such as super-strong, lightweight cables, making it possible to build "space ladders." (Chang Lijun)
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