High-efficiency grinding technology is a prerequisite for improving the manufacturing technology of the predecessors. It completely solves the high-precision and low-efficiency processing limitations of traditional grinding. It achieves high efficiency and high precision, and can also be used for various materials and shapes. Surface integrity processing and cost reduction. Under the premise of China, it is of great significance to strengthen the research, promotion and application of high-efficiency grinding technology, and to improve the processing level of China's machinery manufacturing industry and accelerate the development of new products. Today's applications of superhard materials are becoming more widespread, and high-speed and high-efficiency grinding is the preferred process for processing superhard materials and difficult-to-cut materials. Due to the application of superabrasive abrasives, the development of high-speed, high-power precision machine tools and CNC technology, the development of new grinding fluids and wheel dressing, high-speed ultra-high-speed grinding and high-efficiency grinding technology applications, grinding automation and The development of technologies such as intelligence makes high-efficiency abrasive grain processing have a more important position in the field of mechanical manufacturing, and has a good development prospect.
High-efficiency grinding wheel should have good wear resistance, high dynamic balance accuracy, crack resistance, good damping characteristics, high rigidity and good thermal conductivity, and its mechanical strength must be able to withstand the cutting force during efficient grinding. Wait. High-efficiency grinding wheels can use corundum, silicon carbide, CBN, and diamond abrasives. Under the premise of suitable binders and improved manufacturing processes of the predecessors, the grinding tools can be used at speeds up to 125 m/s.
The existing ceramic bond grinding wheel is resistant to water, oil, acid and alkali, and can maintain accurate geometric shape. Large porosity, high grinding rate, high strength, poor toughness, elasticity, vibration resistance, can not bear lateral force, V wheel <35m / s grinding, this combination of the most widely used, can be made into various Abrasive tools for forming grinding and grinding threads, gears, crankshafts, etc.
The existing resin binder has high strength and elasticity, is not afraid of impact, and can work at high speed. Friction polishing, but the hardness and heat resistance are worse than the ceramic bond, not resistant to acid, alkali, small porosity, easy to block; high-speed grinding of V wheel >50m / s, can be made into a thin wheel grinding groove, edge Grinding tool rake face, high precision grinding.
Inorganic polymer binders have higher strength and therefore have higher speed of use. They are generally used for high-speed cutting, rough grinding and heavy-duty grinding. In addition, inorganic polymer binder grinding has certain elasticity and heat resistance of bonding agent. It has high elasticity and good self-sharpening. Compared with traditional resin binders, the grinding wheel has good sharp angle retention and good shape retention. It is also used for fine grinding, such as thread grinding, forming grinding and sharpening. It can be said that inorganic The polymer binder has both the function of a ceramic abrasive tool and the function of a resin abrasive, while also avoiding their drawbacks.
Inorganic polymer binders are used to make abrasive tools. Based on the theoretical basis and application research of grinding, the concept of composite materials is introduced into the production of abrasive tools. The basic principles of physical and chemical properties of inorganic polymer binders are discussed below. Crystal chemistry of inorganic polymer materials 2. Thermodynamics of inorganic polymer materials 3. Process kinetics of inorganic polymer materials) and the interface and strengthening mechanism of composite materials, detailing inorganic polymer binders New, efficient, special, heavy duty and precision abrasives for production applications. Although this advanced technology has gradually been grasped by some tool industries, there are still a number of detailed topics that still need to be summed up, and research and solutions. The following are detailed design principles and methods for making abrasives for inorganic polymer binders, high-speed heavy loads for making inorganic polymer composites, rough grinding tools, powerful grinding tools, high-efficiency deep-cut grinding, and slow-feed grinding. Grinding tools, fast point grinding tools, high-efficiency grinding tools, spindles and their bearing abrasives, high-efficiency grinding tools, rail grinding tools, and abrasive belt grinding methods provide some succinct views.
Design principles and methods of inorganic polymer binder abrasives
The following topics should be considered in the design and manufacture of the grinding wheel: firstly, the function of the material to be processed and the precision of the surface to be machined should be considered, and then the appropriate abrasive, particle size and grinding of the mixed abrasive should be selected. Followed by the various conditions of the wheel working conditions, impact resistance, speed, temperature, processing materials and grinding wheel service life and the selection of suitable binders, accessories, etc., and consider the mutual matching and scientific process. The strength of the tool depends on the function of the bonding agent, the manufacturing process of the tool and the specifications of the tool. Factors that affect the strength of the abrasive tool include: the type of abrasive, the particle size, the type and function of the bonding agent, the hardness, texture, density, mixing, molding process and curing process prerequisites of the abrasive tool, the shape of the abrasive tool, the outer diameter and the diameter of the abrasive wheel. The ratio and so on. Among them, after the characteristics and specifications of the abrasive tools are given, the bonding agent function, the mixing molding process and the curing process premise are the most important. In addition, the grinding ratio of the grinding wheel is also an important parameter. For the factors involved above, let's talk about one by one:
Abrasive and abrasive thickness and particle grading in the combination of abrasive base
The degree of thickness of the abrasive - refers to the degree of the overall thickness of the abrasives of different particle sizes after mixing together; the grading of the particles refers to the combination or combination of abrasives of different types, sizes and numbers.
Abrasives are an important factor in the grinding action of abrasives. The choice of abrasives is mainly determined by the properties of the workpiece materials, such as hardness, tensile strength, toughness, etc. The basic principle of selecting abrasives is to grind workpiece materials with high hardness. When the workpiece material with high tensile strength should be selected, the abrasive with high toughness should be selected; when the material with low tensile strength is used, the silicon carbide abrasive with high brittleness or high strength should be selected. The functions, uses and options of various abrasives are not discussed here.
When selecting the abrasive grain size, it should be selected mainly according to the requirements of processing precision, surface roughness and grinding efficiency. The general principle is as follows: the workpiece is required to have a high roughness, and the coarse grain size should be selected; the surface roughness is required to be low, and the fine grain size should be selected. When the workpiece requires high geometric accuracy and low surface roughness, the mixing particle size should be selected. The geometric accuracy of the workpiece is high. When the contact area between the abrasive wheel and the workpiece is small, the fine particle size should be selected. When the contact area is large, the coarse particle size is selected. The workpiece material is hard and brittle, and the fine grain size should be selected; the workpiece material is soft and tough, and the coarse grain size should be selected. The workpiece has poor thermal conductivity, is prone to fever and deformation, and is easy to burn. The coarser grain size should be selected. These topics also relate to the thermal conductivity, heat capacity, density, and porosity of the abrasive tool.
Abrasives are usually classified into coarse abrasives, medium abrasives, fine abrasives, and micronized abrasives.
Under the same abrasive condition, the total surface area of ​​the micro-powder abrasive is larger, and the total surface area of ​​the coarse abrasive is smaller. In the production of abrasive tools, the surface needs to be wrapped with a tuberculosis agent to impart a bond strength. The larger the total surface area of ​​the abrasive material, the more inorganic polymer binder is required to wrap the surface of the abrasive. Generally, the coarse abrasive is used in a smaller amount than the inorganic polymer used in the fine abrasive.
Abrasive particle grading, in order to improve the grinding efficiency, not only the strength of the grinding tool and the processing material, but also the amount of abrasive used, that is, the grading of the abrasive.
When the grinding tool is being ground, the grinding tool is affected by the impact of the grinding body on the one hand, and the grinding body is also destroyed by the grinding body on the other hand, so as to ensure the sharpness of the grinding tool and complete the entire grinding process. Obviously, the more contact points the grinding body is involved in grinding in a unit time, that is, the more abrasive grains involved in grinding in a unit time, the higher the grinding efficiency. When the abrasive is constant, to increase the contact between the abrasive and the abrasive body, the smaller the size of the abrasive, the better. On the other hand, in order to finish the grinding of the grinding workpiece, the grinding tool must have sufficient impact capability. The task of the grinding tool is to ensure sufficient capacity to grind the material of the workpiece, but also to ensure that the grinding tool grinds the workpiece to a certain degree of fineness. Therefore, under other preconditions (such as the strength of the grinding tool, Abrasive speed, etc.), this task can only be accomplished by selecting the appropriate size of the abrasive and matching them fairly.
In the production of abrasive tools, the sputum idleness between the abrasives is theoretically produced by the binder after the abrasive is coated, in order to achieve the purpose of using the amount of the inorganic polymer binder to satisfy the strength of the abrasive tool and achieve the progressive grinding efficiency. It is necessary to minimize the vacancy between the abrasive grains. Another concept that has been used is that it should be clarified that people are accustomed to the fact that when the workpiece is ground, the burn is attributed to the abrasive wheel. The group value is too dense and there is not enough stomata. The pores act as chipping and chip removing on the grinding debris during grinding, and can accommodate the cooling liquid, which helps to grind the heat. In order to meet certain special processing requirements, some fillers, such as sulfur and paraffin, can be impregnated into the pores of conventional abrasive tools to improve the function of the abrasive tools. This filler, traditionally known as the fourth element of abrasives. This is not always accurate. Due to the high number of wear debris during high-cut grinding, the volume is not limited by small pores, while the superabrasive abrasive wheel has no pores at all. As long as the surface is properly sharpened, it works well. If increasing the pore volume ratio of the resin abrasive wheel will inevitably reduce its strength and cause it to wear prematurely, this is not worth the effort. In addition, the effect of the working speed of the grinding wheel on the number of wear debris is complicated. When the grinding wheel is improved from 28.8m/s to 33.6m/s, the speed is increased by 16%, and the clogging amount is increased by three times. Due to the increase of the linear speed of the grinding wheel, the maximum depth of cut of the abrasive grains is reduced, the cutting cross-sectional area is reduced, and the number of cuttings and the grinding heat are increased. Both factors increase the clogging amount, but when the linear speed of the grinding wheel reaches a certain level (For example, up to 50m / s), the amount of clogging of the grinding wheel is greatly reduced. For each kind of workpiece material, each has a certain critical grinding wheel speed value with the smallest amount of blockage. Inorganic polymer binders are rare in these considerations, and these grinding theories will be introduced in later special projects. )
Concerned about surprises
Label: Design of inorganic polymer binder abrasives
Previous: What is grinding efficiency Next: Introduction of coloring agent for grinding and grinding tools
The Elongated Bidet Toilet Seat is indeed a bathroom fixture that offers advanced hygiene and comfort functions. Here are some additional details about its features:
PP Plastic Material: The Bidet Seat is made of durable and easy-to-clean PP plastic. This material is known for its strength and resistance to wear and tear, ensuring the longevity of the bidet seat.
Warm Water Cleaning System: The bidet seat features a warm water cleaning system that provides a gentle and soothing cleansing experience. The adjustable temperature control allows users to customize the water temperature according to their preferences.
Adjustable Water Pressure: Users can adjust the water pressure of the bidet spray to achieve their desired level of cleansing. This feature ensures a comfortable and effective cleaning experience for each individual.
Heated Seats: The bidet seat includes a heated seat function, providing warmth and comfort during use, especially in colder environments. The temperature of the seat can be adjusted to suit personal preferences.
Drying Function: Some bidet seats offer a drying function, which eliminates the need for toilet paper after cleansing. This feature provides convenience and a more hygienic alternative to traditional drying methods.
Hygienic and Comfortable Experience: The bidet seat's comprehensive features, such as warm water cleaning, adjustable pressure and temperature, heated seats, and drying function, contribute to a more hygienic and comfortable bathroom experience. It eliminates the need for toilet paper, reducing waste and promoting better hygiene practices.
Sleek and Modern Design: The bidet seat's sleek and modern design adds a touch of sophistication to any bathroom decor. It blends seamlessly with the existing fixtures and enhances the overall aesthetics of the bathroom.
Investing in an Elongated Bidet Toilet Seat is a practical choice for individuals who prioritize hygiene and comfort in their daily lives. It offers advanced features that enhance the bathroom experience and promote better personal hygiene practices.
Elongated Bidet Toilet Seat, Electronic Bidet Cover, Elongated Toilet Seat, Bidet Function Toilet Seats
Guangdong Fabia Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.fabiaintelligent.com