Definition of an aerial working platform The aerial working platform is a special-purpose vehicle that is used to transport workers and use equipment to arrive at designated sites for work. High-altitude vehicles are widely used in post and telecommunications communications, municipal construction, fire rescue, architectural decoration, aerial photography and shipbuilding, petroleum, chemical, aviation and other industries. It has the advantages of flexibility, rapid transfer, wide coverage, easy access, reach to work sites, and quick entry into work. According to the type of lifting mechanism, high-altitude trucks are divided into four basic types: telescopic arm type (straight arm type) and folding arm type (crank arm type direct lifting type and hybrid type). This is a folding arm type aerial working vehicle.
Second, the structure of high-altitude aerial vehicles is composed of two parts: top and bottom. The undercarriage is the running part, that is, the chassis of the vehicle, and the upper part is a dedicated part, ie, a high-altitude operation facility. In addition to the chassis part, the aerial working vehicle has power transmission functions, working devices, safety devices and hydraulic systems in order to achieve high-altitude operations. The working device includes a leg mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a slewing mechanism, a working platform and a leveling mechanism.
1. The power transmission device includes the power transmission part of each work device of the aerial work vehicle, including internal combustion engine-mechanical transmission, electric power-mechanical transmission, internal combustion engine-electric power transmission and internal combustion engine-hydraulic transmission. Most of the high-altitude trucks produced by Hubei Cheng Li use internal combustion engines - hydraulic transmission. It can make full use of the advantages of hydraulic transmission, simplify the transmission structure, and easy to achieve stepless speed and direction of movement, smooth transmission, simple operation, effort, and prevent overload. Its power is provided by a power take-off mounted on the gearbox. There are two kinds of manual and pneumatic control methods for power take-offs. They are only used at high altitude. When driving, please make sure that the power take-off is released.
2. Subframes, Outriggers and Safety Devices The subframe of the aerial work vehicle is the main steel structure of the vehicle. Legs and sub-frames are generally welded together. The subframe and car chassis are generally fastened together with U-bolts. The legs can be divided into frog legs, X legs, and H legs according to the structure. H-shaped legs are generally used.
3. Lifting mechanism of working arm and lifting mechanism The folding arm aerial working vehicle mainly consists of variable cylinder, folding arm cylinder and working arm.
4. Turntables for turntables and slewing gears can rotate 360 ​​degrees around the center of rotation. Connect the working arm, lifting mechanism, work bucket and work bucket balancing mechanism on the turntable, and use hydraulic transmission to lift people and things to any position in the working height range. The rotary table is equipped with a rotary mechanism
It consists of a hydraulic motor, a rotary speed reducer, and a slewing ring.
5. Work platform and leveling mechanism The working platform of the aerial working platform is used to carry people and things. It is mainly composed of a floor plate and a protective fence. Since the movement trajectory of the work platform of the aerial working platform in the air is a curve, a leveling mechanism is arranged in order to keep the work bucket load surface always parallel to the ground.
6. The driving part of the hydraulic transmission system overhead working vehicle is mechanical transmission, and other working mechanisms are hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic drive has the advantages of stepless speed regulation, smooth motion, safety and reliability. The automobile engine transmits power to the hydraulic pump through the power take-off. Hydraulic oil sucked from the tank through a strainer
Into the oil pump, the pressure oil from the pump passes through the fine filter into the working circuit. The action of the working device is through the corresponding directional valve to control the corresponding hydraulic working device to achieve the hydraulic oil directly back to the tank through the unloading circuit when not working.
Selection of Hydraulic Oil for Three Aerial Trucks The high-quality hydraulic oil used in aerial vehicles must have the following characteristics:
1. The proper viscosity viscosity is the primary factor for the selection of hydraulic oil for use in aerial vehicles. Under the same working pressure, the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is too large, the movement resistance of each component increases, and the hydraulic system warms up quickly, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. Conversely, if the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is too small, the amount of leakage in the hydraulic system will increase, the volumetric efficiency will decrease, and the bearing capacity of the oil film will decrease, which will aggravate the wear of the hydraulic components.
2. Good oxidation resistance The hydraulic oil is subjected to high-speed stirring of the machine parts during work, and is in contact with water, air and impurities. Especially under high temperature and high pressure, it will be oxidized and deteriorated. After the oxidation, the increase of the acid value will enhance the corrosion. The colloidal material can also block the oil filter and hinder the operation of hydraulic components.
Reduce transmission efficiency.
3. Good Lubricity Hydraulic oil is the working medium that transmits power, and it is also the lubricant of the hydraulic system components. The pressure of the hydraulic system of aerial vehicles is generally medium and high pressure, which requires the hydraulic oil to have a stronger oil film strength and ensure the normal lubrication of the hydraulic components.
4. Good fluidity The hydraulic system of the aerial vehicle utilizes the flow of hydraulic oil to achieve various actions. Hydraulic fluids have good fluidity, especially low temperature fluidity. The freezing point of the hydraulic oil used in each season should be less than the use temperature of 12.5 °C or more.
5. Good demulsibility The hydraulic oil may be immersed in a small amount of moisture during the work process. Hydraulic oil immersed in the water under the strong agitation of hydraulic components, it is easy to produce emulsification, thereby reducing the lubrication of hydraulic oil, increasing the acid value of the hydraulic oil, causing metal surface corrosion. Therefore, it is required that the hydraulic oil has good oil-water separation performance.
6. Good anti-foaming hydraulic oil contains a small amount of air under normal temperature and pressure. When the oil returns and the oil pump runs at high speed, it will produce foam. This not only exacerbates the oxidation of the hydraulic oil, but also increases the compressibility of the hydraulic oil and the cavitation of the hydraulic components, causing the hydraulic system to malfunction such as creep, vibration, noise, and pressure instability, thereby deteriorating the lubrication conditions. Therefore, the hydraulic oil is required to have less foaming, easy defoaming, and good anti-foaming performance.
7. Good compatibility The sealing elements of the hydraulic system mostly use rubber, plastic boxes, nylon and other materials, which require that hydraulic oil does not swell and corrode these sealing elements.
8. Good Corrosion Resistance If the metal oil has good corrosion resistance, corrosion of the metal surface of the hydraulic element can be avoided. Corrosive particles and mechanical impurities can cause wear and even block the gap in the hydraulic element. And small holes affect the normal operation of the system.
9. Good flame resistance
Some of the hydraulic pipes of high-altitude trucks are in close proximity to high-temperature components such as the exhaust pipe of the engine, and the pressure in the hydraulic system is relatively high. In the event of a hydraulic pipe leaking or bursting, it may cause fire. Therefore, the hydraulic oil has put forward the requirements of fire resistance.
Four high-altitude trucks Common troubles Troubleshooting Symptoms Causes of failure Retrieval mechanism Retrieval device Vibration Shafts Misaligned shafts or unbalanced overhaul Couplings Loose Overhaul Adjustment Not secured Fastened rotary speed reducer Overheat and lack of oil Adding lubricant Lubricating and decelerating Improper mounting of impact noise assembly, serious wear of gear or bearing wear Replacement of reversing rotary gear oil seal Oil seal gasket breakage Replace journals, wear repairs Replace excessive oil To remove oil contamination Slewing ring Vibration or noise Ring or pinion abnormalities Abrasion Replacement Balls or pads are damaged Replace oil-depleted refueling Work arms Arms, subframes, etc. Cracks or deformations Material defects or poor welding Structures Reinforce improper use, overloading or impact correction, hydraulic system replacement Oil leakage fittings Loose tight Solid seal damage Replace the pipe Fuse weld Replace new oil pressure rises, the oil temperature is too high The tank fluid level is too low, the suction pipe filter is clogged or check the pressure relief valve opening pressure is too low Adjust the relief valve Pump is damaged or Leakage serious repair or replacement of pressure piping and return pipeline collusion or hydraulic components leakage overhaul or replacement, When the shutdown cooling duct hydraulic system noise severe memory operation is repeated with an air exhaust duct to low oil temperature and oil change speed operation member is not secured, the fastening failure of the fastening balancing adjusting the oil filter makes the cleaning maintenance
When the arm is falling, the oil pressure is too high, or the signal hole of the vibration balance valve is blocked. The friction between the balance valve arms is too large or there is foreign matter. Check and adjust. There is repeated air movement in the oil cylinder. Not reach the length of the telescopic arm wire rope is not appropriate to adjust the length of the rope leg support failure to protect the leg lock seal repair
Second, the structure of high-altitude aerial vehicles is composed of two parts: top and bottom. The undercarriage is the running part, that is, the chassis of the vehicle, and the upper part is a dedicated part, ie, a high-altitude operation facility. In addition to the chassis part, the aerial working vehicle has power transmission functions, working devices, safety devices and hydraulic systems in order to achieve high-altitude operations. The working device includes a leg mechanism, a lifting mechanism, a slewing mechanism, a working platform and a leveling mechanism.
1. The power transmission device includes the power transmission part of each work device of the aerial work vehicle, including internal combustion engine-mechanical transmission, electric power-mechanical transmission, internal combustion engine-electric power transmission and internal combustion engine-hydraulic transmission. Most of the high-altitude trucks produced by Hubei Cheng Li use internal combustion engines - hydraulic transmission. It can make full use of the advantages of hydraulic transmission, simplify the transmission structure, and easy to achieve stepless speed and direction of movement, smooth transmission, simple operation, effort, and prevent overload. Its power is provided by a power take-off mounted on the gearbox. There are two kinds of manual and pneumatic control methods for power take-offs. They are only used at high altitude. When driving, please make sure that the power take-off is released.
2. Subframes, Outriggers and Safety Devices The subframe of the aerial work vehicle is the main steel structure of the vehicle. Legs and sub-frames are generally welded together. The subframe and car chassis are generally fastened together with U-bolts. The legs can be divided into frog legs, X legs, and H legs according to the structure. H-shaped legs are generally used.
3. Lifting mechanism of working arm and lifting mechanism The folding arm aerial working vehicle mainly consists of variable cylinder, folding arm cylinder and working arm.
4. Turntables for turntables and slewing gears can rotate 360 ​​degrees around the center of rotation. Connect the working arm, lifting mechanism, work bucket and work bucket balancing mechanism on the turntable, and use hydraulic transmission to lift people and things to any position in the working height range. The rotary table is equipped with a rotary mechanism
It consists of a hydraulic motor, a rotary speed reducer, and a slewing ring.
5. Work platform and leveling mechanism The working platform of the aerial working platform is used to carry people and things. It is mainly composed of a floor plate and a protective fence. Since the movement trajectory of the work platform of the aerial working platform in the air is a curve, a leveling mechanism is arranged in order to keep the work bucket load surface always parallel to the ground.
6. The driving part of the hydraulic transmission system overhead working vehicle is mechanical transmission, and other working mechanisms are hydraulic transmission. The hydraulic drive has the advantages of stepless speed regulation, smooth motion, safety and reliability. The automobile engine transmits power to the hydraulic pump through the power take-off. Hydraulic oil sucked from the tank through a strainer
Into the oil pump, the pressure oil from the pump passes through the fine filter into the working circuit. The action of the working device is through the corresponding directional valve to control the corresponding hydraulic working device to achieve the hydraulic oil directly back to the tank through the unloading circuit when not working.
Selection of Hydraulic Oil for Three Aerial Trucks The high-quality hydraulic oil used in aerial vehicles must have the following characteristics:
1. The proper viscosity viscosity is the primary factor for the selection of hydraulic oil for use in aerial vehicles. Under the same working pressure, the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is too large, the movement resistance of each component increases, and the hydraulic system warms up quickly, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency. Conversely, if the viscosity of the hydraulic oil is too small, the amount of leakage in the hydraulic system will increase, the volumetric efficiency will decrease, and the bearing capacity of the oil film will decrease, which will aggravate the wear of the hydraulic components.
2. Good oxidation resistance The hydraulic oil is subjected to high-speed stirring of the machine parts during work, and is in contact with water, air and impurities. Especially under high temperature and high pressure, it will be oxidized and deteriorated. After the oxidation, the increase of the acid value will enhance the corrosion. The colloidal material can also block the oil filter and hinder the operation of hydraulic components.
Reduce transmission efficiency.
3. Good Lubricity Hydraulic oil is the working medium that transmits power, and it is also the lubricant of the hydraulic system components. The pressure of the hydraulic system of aerial vehicles is generally medium and high pressure, which requires the hydraulic oil to have a stronger oil film strength and ensure the normal lubrication of the hydraulic components.
4. Good fluidity The hydraulic system of the aerial vehicle utilizes the flow of hydraulic oil to achieve various actions. Hydraulic fluids have good fluidity, especially low temperature fluidity. The freezing point of the hydraulic oil used in each season should be less than the use temperature of 12.5 °C or more.
5. Good demulsibility The hydraulic oil may be immersed in a small amount of moisture during the work process. Hydraulic oil immersed in the water under the strong agitation of hydraulic components, it is easy to produce emulsification, thereby reducing the lubrication of hydraulic oil, increasing the acid value of the hydraulic oil, causing metal surface corrosion. Therefore, it is required that the hydraulic oil has good oil-water separation performance.
6. Good anti-foaming hydraulic oil contains a small amount of air under normal temperature and pressure. When the oil returns and the oil pump runs at high speed, it will produce foam. This not only exacerbates the oxidation of the hydraulic oil, but also increases the compressibility of the hydraulic oil and the cavitation of the hydraulic components, causing the hydraulic system to malfunction such as creep, vibration, noise, and pressure instability, thereby deteriorating the lubrication conditions. Therefore, the hydraulic oil is required to have less foaming, easy defoaming, and good anti-foaming performance.
7. Good compatibility The sealing elements of the hydraulic system mostly use rubber, plastic boxes, nylon and other materials, which require that hydraulic oil does not swell and corrode these sealing elements.
8. Good Corrosion Resistance If the metal oil has good corrosion resistance, corrosion of the metal surface of the hydraulic element can be avoided. Corrosive particles and mechanical impurities can cause wear and even block the gap in the hydraulic element. And small holes affect the normal operation of the system.
9. Good flame resistance
Some of the hydraulic pipes of high-altitude trucks are in close proximity to high-temperature components such as the exhaust pipe of the engine, and the pressure in the hydraulic system is relatively high. In the event of a hydraulic pipe leaking or bursting, it may cause fire. Therefore, the hydraulic oil has put forward the requirements of fire resistance.
Four high-altitude trucks Common troubles Troubleshooting Symptoms Causes of failure Retrieval mechanism Retrieval device Vibration Shafts Misaligned shafts or unbalanced overhaul Couplings Loose Overhaul Adjustment Not secured Fastened rotary speed reducer Overheat and lack of oil Adding lubricant Lubricating and decelerating Improper mounting of impact noise assembly, serious wear of gear or bearing wear Replacement of reversing rotary gear oil seal Oil seal gasket breakage Replace journals, wear repairs Replace excessive oil To remove oil contamination Slewing ring Vibration or noise Ring or pinion abnormalities Abrasion Replacement Balls or pads are damaged Replace oil-depleted refueling Work arms Arms, subframes, etc. Cracks or deformations Material defects or poor welding Structures Reinforce improper use, overloading or impact correction, hydraulic system replacement Oil leakage fittings Loose tight Solid seal damage Replace the pipe Fuse weld Replace new oil pressure rises, the oil temperature is too high The tank fluid level is too low, the suction pipe filter is clogged or check the pressure relief valve opening pressure is too low Adjust the relief valve Pump is damaged or Leakage serious repair or replacement of pressure piping and return pipeline collusion or hydraulic components leakage overhaul or replacement, When the shutdown cooling duct hydraulic system noise severe memory operation is repeated with an air exhaust duct to low oil temperature and oil change speed operation member is not secured, the fastening failure of the fastening balancing adjusting the oil filter makes the cleaning maintenance
When the arm is falling, the oil pressure is too high, or the signal hole of the vibration balance valve is blocked. The friction between the balance valve arms is too large or there is foreign matter. Check and adjust. There is repeated air movement in the oil cylinder. Not reach the length of the telescopic arm wire rope is not appropriate to adjust the length of the rope leg support failure to protect the leg lock seal repair
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