Table 2 Comparison of cutting performance of CO 2 laser and YAG laser
project | CO 2 laser | YAG laser |
Focus performance | The beam divergence angle is small, the basic mode is easy to obtain, the spot is small after focusing, and the power density is high. | The beam divergence angle is small, and it is difficult to obtain single mode (only the ultrasonic Q-switched YAG laser can produce single mode), the spot is larger after focusing, and the power density is low. |
Metal absorption rate of laser (normal temperature) | low | high |
Cutting characteristics | Good (large cutting thickness, fast cutting speed) | Poor (low cutting capacity) |
Structural characteristics | The structure is complex, the volume is small, and the precision of the optical path is high. | Compact, small size, simple optical path and optical components |
Maintenance | difference | good |
Processing flexibility | Poor (the transmission of the beam depends on the mirror and is difficult to transfer to different processing stations) | Good (the optical fiber can be used to transmit the light beam, one laser can be used for multiple stations, and multiple identical lasers can be used) |
(1) CO 2 gas laser
The CO 2 gas laser is a light amplification produced by using CO 2 gas (actually a mixture of CO 2 , N 2 and He) enclosed in a container as a working substance to undergo a shock oscillation. The basic structure of a CO 2 gas laser is shown in Figure 2. The gas is subjected to a glow discharge state by application of a high voltage, and a region between the mirrors is continuously excited by a mirror provided at both ends of the container to generate laser light.
The CO 2 gas lasers are mainly of a gas-closed container type, a low-speed axial flow type, a high-speed axial flow type, and a cross flow type (that is, a discharge direction, an optical axis direction orthogonal to a gas flow direction). Laser cutting generally uses an axial flow CO 2 gas laser.
The main characteristics of several CO 2 lasers are shown in Table 3.
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