Laser cutting technology is widely used in the processing of metal and non-metal materials, which can greatly reduce processing time, reduce processing costs and improve workpiece quality. Pulsed lasers are suitable for metallic materials, continuous lasers are suitable for non-metallic materials, and the latter is an important application area for laser cutting technology. The modern laser has become the "sword" of the "cutting iron and mud" that people are imagining.
Laser cutting is to use a focusing mirror to focus the CO2 laser beam on the surface of the material to melt the material, while blowing the melted material with a compressed gas coaxial with the laser beam, and moving the laser beam and the material along a certain trajectory to form a relative movement. A certain shape of the slit. Since the 1970s, with the continuous improvement and development of CO 2 lasers and numerical control technology, it has become an advanced processing method for industrial plate cutting. In the 1950s and 1960s, as the main method for cutting the sheet material, oxyacetylene flame cutting was used for the medium and heavy plate; for the thin plate, the shearing was used for cutting, the complicated parts were formed by large-volume stamping, and the single piece was made of vibrating shear. After the 1970s, in order to improve and improve the quality of the cut of flame cutting, oxyethane precision flame cutting and plasma cutting were promoted. In order to reduce the manufacturing cycle of large stamping dies, CNC stepping and electric machining technology has been developed. Various cutting and cutting methods have their own shortcomings, and have a certain range of application in industrial production.
The obvious advantages of CO 2 laser cutting technology over other methods are:
(1) Good cutting quality. The slit width is narrow (typically 0.1--0.5mm), the precision is high (the general hole center distance error is 0.1--0.4mm, the contour size error is 0.1--0.5mm), and the surface roughness of the slit is good (generally Ra is 12.5--25μm) ), the slits are generally welded without further processing.
(2) Cutting speed is fast. For example, with 2KW laser power, the cutting speed of 8mm thick carbon steel is 1.6m/min; the cutting speed of 2mm thick stainless steel is 3.5m/min, the heat affected zone is small and the deformation is very small.
(3) Clean, safe and non-polluting. Greatly improved the working environment of the operators. Of course, in terms of precision and surface roughness of the slit, CO 2 laser cutting is unlikely to exceed electrical machining; it is difficult to achieve flame and plasma cutting levels in terms of cutting thickness. However, the above significant advantages are sufficient to prove that CO 2 laser cutting has been and is replacing some of the traditional cutting processes, especially the cutting of various non-metallic materials. It is an advanced processing method that is rapidly developing and widely used.
Since the 1990s, due to the development of China's socialist market economy and fierce competition among enterprises, each enterprise must correctly select certain advanced manufacturing technologies according to its own conditions to improve product quality and production efficiency. Therefore, CO2 laser cutting technology has achieved rapid development in China.
(II) Industrial application of CO 2 laser cutting
The world's first CO 2 laser cutting machine was born in the 1970s. For more than 30 years, due to the continuous expansion of application fields, CO 2 laser cutting machines have been continuously improved. At present, many companies in the world have been engaged in the production of various CO 2 laser cutting machines to meet the needs of the market. There are two-dimensional flat cutting machines. , three-dimensional space curve cutting machine, pipe cutting machine, etc. Well-known foreign companies include Germany Trumpf, Italy Prima, Switzerland Bystronic, Japan Amada, MAZAK, NTC, Australia HG Laser Lab. At present, the companies that can provide flat cutting machines in China include Shanghai United Prima, Shenyang Prima, Jinan Jiemai, Wuhan Chutian. According to the 2000 annual report of the “Industrial Laser Solutionâ€, the authoritative magazine of the US laser industry, the laser cutting system (mainly CO 2 laser cutting system) sold in the world in 1999 was 3,325 units, totaling 1.174 billion US dollars. According to incomplete statistics, China currently produces nearly 100 CO 2 laser cutting machines per year, totaling 150 million yuan. Although the development trend of laser cutting is faster, the application level is much larger than that of developed countries. By 2003, China had already used about 500 CO 2 laser cutting systems in industrial production, accounting for about 1.5% of the total operating system in the world.
The purchase of CO 2 laser cutting systems is mainly two types
Units: One type is large and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. The products produced by these enterprises have a large number of plates that need to be cut and cut, and have strong economic and technical strength;
The other type of processing unit is the processing station (referred to as the Job Shop in foreign countries). The processing station is specialized in external laser processing business and has no leading products. On the one hand, its existence can meet the needs of some small and medium-sized enterprises for processing; on the other hand, it plays a role in promoting the application of laser cutting technology in the initial stage. In 1999, there were 2,700 laser processing stations in the United States, of which 51% were engaged in laser cutting. In the 1980s, China's laser processing stations were mainly engaged in laser heat treatment. After the 1990s, laser cutting and attack stations gradually increased. On this basis, with the deepening of China's large and medium-sized enterprise system reform and the strengthening of economic strength, more and more enterprises will adopt CO 2 laser cutting technology.
From the current domestic application analysis, CO 2 laser cutting is widely used in 12mm thick low carbon steel; 6mm thick stainless steel and 20mm thick non-metallic materials. For the cutting of three-dimensional space curves, applications have also begun in the automotive and aerospace industries.
Products currently suitable for CO2 laser cutting can be broadly classified into three categories:
The first category: from the technical and economic point of view, it is not suitable to manufacture metal sheet metal parts of the mold, especially the contour shape is complex, the batch size is not large, the general thickness; 12mm low carbon steel; 6mm thick stainless steel to save the cost and cycle of manufacturing mold . Typical products that have been used include: automatic elevator structural parts, elevator panels, machine tools and grain machinery covers, various electrical cabinets, switch cabinets, textile machinery parts, engineering machinery structural parts, large motor silicon steel sheets, etc.
The second category: patterns, markings, fonts, etc. for stainless steel (generally 3 mm) or non-metallic materials (typically 20 mm thick) for decoration, advertising, and service industries. Such as the art photo album pattern, the company, units, hotels, shopping malls mark, stations, docks, public places in Chinese and English fonts.
The third category: special parts that require uniform slitting. The most widely used typical part is the die-cut version used in the packaging and printing industry. It requires a groove of 0.7-0.8 mm slit width on a 20 mm thick wood formwork, and then inserts the blade in the groove. Use fashion on the die-cutting machine and cut out the various printed graphics boxes. A new area of ​​application in recent years in China is the oil screen joint pipe. In order to block the sediment from entering the oil pump, a uniform slit of 0.3 mm width is cut on the alloy steel pipe with a wall thickness of 6~9 mm, and the diameter of the small hole at the cutting perforation is not 0.3 mm. The cutting technique is difficult, and there are many units. Put into production.
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