Abstract Today, the development of photovoltaic industry in all countries is inseparable from the government's subsidy policy. Germany's subsidy policy has made Q-cell, Japan's subsidy policy has made Zhapu, Jiangsu Wuxi government support has made Wuxi Suntech, Jiangxi Xinyu Government support has made the LDK LDK...
In today's world, the development of photovoltaic industry in all countries is inseparable from the government's subsidy policy. Germany's subsidy policy has made Q-cell, Japan's subsidy policy has made Zhapu, Jiangsu Wuxi government support has made Wuxi Suntech, Jiangxi Xinyu's government Support for the achievement of LDK. Because the industry and government policies are so closely related, the photovoltaic industry will occasionally see unpredictable turbulence due to policy changes. To this end, grasping the world's latest PV policy and overviewing the dynamics of PV subsidies in various countries has become a concern of many PV companies. Focus. Looking back at the PV subsidy policies of various countries in the past, we can roughly divide into three categories: First, directly subsidize the installation of photovoltaic systems, such as Japan; Second, set the on-grid price of photovoltaic power generation, such as Germany, Spain; Mixed implementation of policies, such as California, USA. The above three different subsidy policies have stimulated the development of the photovoltaic industry to varying degrees. What is the latest PV subsidy policy in each country? What impact will it have on the PV market next year and beyond? With doubts, the author has carried out the customs and market visits, and divided the global PV market into European market, American market, Asian market and other countries and regions. Each market corresponds to different national PV policies.
European market
The European PV market policy represented by photovoltaic hotspot countries such as Germany, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic and France has become the first target of the visit.
1. Germany, reduction, reduction, reduction
In July 2010, the German Federal Senate extorted the renewable energy law photovoltaic power generation subsidy amendment, and after July 1st, the subsidy for the construction of photovoltaic power generation system in Germany was reduced by 13%, and the conversion area (formerly non-power station land was converted into power station land). The subsidy amount is reduced by 8%, and the subsidy amount in other regions is reduced by 12%. As of October 1, 2010, the subsidy will be reduced by another 3% on July 1st. The policy of gradually decreasing subsidies clearly conveyed the German government’s gradual release, testing and encouraging the photovoltaic industry to reduce costs and the intention of independent development, as shown in the following table:
Small buildings (100kw) fell 10% in 2009, 10% in 2010, and 9% in 2011; new ground PV projects fell 10% in 2009, 10% in 2010, and 9% in 2011-2012.
Germany has almost always been the number one country in the photovoltaic industry. The reduction of German subsidy policy has caused many PV companies to carry out different actions, and even caused the phenomenon of rushing in Germany. However, the German government's subsidy reduction action is not satisfied with this. It is reported that Germany will reduce subsidies in 2011, and it is expected to continue to affect the overall European market demand. According to industry insiders, the global market share of the German market, which is higher than 50%, will be affected by the subsidy in 2011. It is likely to step into the PV market growth or slow down. It is estimated that the total installed capacity in 2010 will be close to 70%. Billion watts, but in 2011, I am afraid that there will be only 4 billion watts of installed space.
2, Spain, choose to reduce in the round-trip fluctuations
Coincidentally, Spain is also planning to cut the newly added solar energy tariffs. Recently, the Spanish Ministry of Industry has issued a series of plans to reduce renewable energy subsidies. The Minister of Industry said that the price of newly installed ground solar panels will be reduced by 45%, the price of large roof components will be reduced by 25%, and the small roof system will be reduced by 5%. Let's take a look at the current PV support policy statistics in Spain:
A spokesman for the Minister of Industry, Miguel Sebastian, said in April that the government would reduce subsidies for the built-up power generation facilities. The reason is that the government hopes to revitalize Spanish industry by reducing energy prices. Competitiveness.
Spain currently has 52,000 photovoltaic power generation systems, and the revenue of these power plants is 440 euros / MWh (3.93 yuan / kWh), almost 10 times the estimated price of the electricity wholesale market in 2011. Spain's fierce PV market ups and downs, let other countries, especially some emerging PV regions, realize that the PV industry cannot rely entirely on government policy support, and enterprises cannot fully expect the state's subsidy policy.
3, the Czech Republic, limiting the speed of the photovoltaic industry too fast
As early as March of this year, the Czech parliament passed a policy to control the rapid development of solar energy, which allows the management to cut the favorable subsidies for solar power. At the same time, as long as the investment recovery period of solar power plants is within 11 years, the management department has the freedom to cut the tax rebates for solar power plants since 2011. It is reported that the current fixed high-value tax rebate subsidies in the Czech Republic have made the initial investment recovery period of some solar power plants only three years. Obviously, the Czech government is carefully limiting the excessive and rapid development of solar energy.
From the hot PV market in 2009 and this year, the Czech PV market in 2011 is full of variables. If the country's policy makers do not have enough strength, EPIA expects the Czech market to collapse at the latest in 2011 until the year before 2014. Both are below 175MW.
4, France, BIPV is favored, the subsidy policy is relatively optimistic
On June 1, 2010, the French government stipulated that the subsidy policy support for BIIPV photovoltaic system is divided into two categories: the integrated system of the integrated system and the high aesthetic integration system. France has been praising the romantic temperament and the pursuit of beauty. For this reason, the subsidy policy for the high aesthetic integration system is higher than the subsidy of US$60.2 ct/kwh. It is believed that this subsidy is likely to lead to a relatively delicate batch of catalysis. Photovoltaic applications.
In addition, units with a capacity of åƒ3 kW can also receive a subsidy of $60.2 ct/kwh, while below this standard, there will be only $33.8 ct/kwh. At the same time, the subsidy policy also takes into account geographical factors, such as the southern part of France, the subsidy will be 20% lower than the North. The feed-in tariff subsidy policy will be modified for BIPV and ground-mounted systems. For the latter, the subsidy will rise to $32.8-39.4 ct/kwh. France's subsidy policy is clearly more optimistic than the other European countries mentioned above, and is expected to become a rising star.
5, Italy, under the overheated market, before the subsidy reduction
Italy, a major PV application country in Italy, recently reported that its new solar subsidy (FIT) subsidy in 2011 tends to reduce the rate according to the scale of the solar system. In 2011, the solar system with a capacity exceeding 5MWp will be used every 4 months. Cutting rates until the downward adjustment rate reaches 30%; while the installation of relatively small-scale solar systems is gradually reduced to 20%, while in 2012 and 2013, the new solar photovoltaic system installation is reduced by 6%. The subsidy rate is 30 billion watts for the next three years.
But before the Italian government promulgated the implementation of the new feed-in tariff subsidy policy, he was in a very embarrassing situation. At present, the Italian PV industry is expanding rapidly. This year, the industry will achieve a three-digit growth, which means that Italy may become the next victim of photovoltaic heat after Spain, the Czech Republic and Germany. To this end, the Italian government wants to reduce the negative effects of regulatory delays by enacting new subsidies for on-grid tariffs. On the other hand, the more the government wants to control, the more likely the PV market may overheat, which may lead to There has been a phenomenon of rushing in Germany before the implementation of the policy.
[analysis]:
Extinguishing the current PV policy overview of the above-mentioned European countries, in addition to a slight increase in France, it is not difficult to see the policy words of “restricting, reducing, reducing, and lowering†of other major PV member countries. This is inevitable for 2011. The European PV market is worried. In the 25th EUPVSEC in Spain, the European Solar Energy Industry Association (EPIA) has also made a prediction: the forecast from the European solar market demand from 2010 to 2014 shows that the total market in Europe in 2010 The installed capacity is about 11.515 billion watts, while the installed capacity in Europe is estimated at 8.405 billion watts in 2011. In 2012, the installed capacity in the European market was about 9.69 billion watts, the annual growth rate was about 15.28%, and the installation level in 2013 was 11.795 billion watts. The growth rate was 21.72%. In 2014, it was 13.475 billion watts, with an annual growth rate of 14.24%.
Obviously, in 2011, the European PV market will have a curve low. The resurgence of the economy, the hot investment, and the rush to install will inevitably cause the government to panic, and will inevitably affect or even plunder the next year's market, resulting in a PV market. Gasping, weak state. Driven by market profits, companies can't avoid the mistake of selling a swarm of bees. The market share that it really needs needs to be occupied, but it needs wisdom and a backward path to occupy. When the competition in the European PV market is more intense next year, I wonder how many companies will mourn the past and what companies are proud of them?
American market
The United States is expected to become a growth point, which is good for China's photovoltaic industry.
From the perspective of the global solar photovoltaic market, the United States has become the world's third largest solar photovoltaic market, second only to Germany and Italy. In the next five years, Solarbuzz expects the US PV market to grow to between 4.5GW and 5.5GW, which will be 10 times the market size in 2009, with an average annual growth rate of 30%.
California is the major PV system market in the United States. He accounts for 53% of the US grid-connected power generation installations. In 2010, California still maintained his important role in the US market. To this end, it is particularly important to understand California's PV subsidy policy, because he is likely to become a reference for other states in the United States to develop photovoltaics and start new markets.
Although the US government's PV installation demand has decreased due to budget adjustments, the increase in PV installation demand for residential and utility offsets the impact of this decline in the US government. In addition, the reduction in the price of residential residential PV systems has laid the foundation for the steady growth of the US solar PV market. And with the launch of the new PV incentive policy, some other states in the United States have also emerged as a new market, which is a good news for Chinese PV companies that need to expand beyond Europe.
Canada, the province's regional development, driving the market to start
Ontario, Canada is one of the leading provinces for solar energy development in North America. In 2009, Ontario, Canada passed the Environmental Energy Law. Ontario will implement the On-grid Electricity Price Act and require at least 60% of installation systems to meet eligibility criteria. Including home installation systems, Ontario can provide a strong market at least in the short term while stimulating domestic production.
Ontario's feed-in tariff (FiT) is a milestone in Canada's green energy and green economy law. According to Canada's newly implemented feed-in tariff (FiT) policy, Artes Sunshine Power announced that it has acquired a 176 MW ground photovoltaic power plant in Ontario. The contracting of the project, once approved, is expected to be completed in 2011 and 2012. At the time of the project, Artes Solar will cooperate with many leading renewable energy developers in Ontario, including 3GEnergyCorp, AxiomPowerInc and SaturnPower. UCSolar.
Asia market
According to Solarbuzz's latest 2010 Asia-Pacific major PV market report (Solarbuzz(R) AsiaandPacificMajorPVMarkets2010report), the five major markets in the Asia-Pacific region (China, India, South Korea, Australia, Japan), which are experiencing rapid growth in PV demand, are expected to return to strong growth in 2010. And è™ 85% annual growth rate.
Japan, strengthening policy guidance in sustained stability
Global warming and lack of energy have enabled Japan to fully develop the photovoltaic industry. Through a series of government funding and related research, development, demonstration, and deployment, Japan has made great progress in the development of solar cell manufacturing technology and cost reduction. As a result, it has become a leading country in the photovoltaic field.
In 2010, the good development trend of the Japanese PV market continued. In August 2010, as an example to support the use of renewable energy and carbon dioxide emission reduction, the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry intends to implement a full after-sales system for domestic renewable energy power generation. The entire acquisition system is not only intended to gradually expand the acquisition target, but also to generate electricity from other renewable energy sources by solar power generation, and will benefit the enterprise. The entire acquisition system for solar power generation is planned to be implemented from 2011, and all acquisitions of other renewable energy sources are planned to be implemented between 2015 and 2020.
At present, Japan has completed government funding for solar roof systems. At this time, Japan has many of the world's top solar companies. At the same time, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan is working hard to promote the research and development of next-generation photovoltaic technology, laying the foundation for the continued growth of the Japanese photovoltaic industry. Many of the successes of Japan's development of the photovoltaic industry are that we need to learn from it.
In India, localization protection is obvious, Chinese companies need to pay attention
In December 2009, the goal of the “Nehru National Solar Mission†proposed by the Indian government was to increase domestic photovoltaic power generation to 20 GW through phased development by 2022. The first phase of the target as of the end of March 2013 included a grid system power plant that generated 1.1 GW of electricity, a rooftop PV system that generated 100 million watts, and a non-grid system that generated 2 million watts of photovoltaics.
On July 25, 2010, in line with the implementation of the national plan, the Ministry of New Energy and Renewable Energy of India issued the “Policy Guide for Advanced Solar Projects for Grid-Connected Power Generationâ€, which includes the “Buy India†clause. . The guide emphasizes that an important goal of India's “National Solar Energy Plan†is to promote the development of domestic manufacturing. Therefore, developers should use Indian domestic manufacturing equipment whenever possible. For the first solar projects selected for the 2010-2011 fiscal year government support program, the guide also requires that developers of crystalline silicon technology projects “must use solar modules manufactured in Indiaâ€.
The resolution was supported by India's Tata BPSolar and MoserBaer Solar Heating, one of the largest producers of the Indian PV industry. However, if this policy is implemented, it will damage China's solar energy enterprises' exports to India. In this regard, some enterprises that rely on Indian exports need to pay attention in advance.
Malaysia, carefully formulate the implementation of feed-in tariff subsidies
In a recent report, Mr. Ahmad HadriHaris, Chief Scientific Adviser of the Malaysian Energy Minister, announced a proposal for subsidies for electricity prices for photovoltaic, biomass and biogas power generation. The proposed Indusrybriefingonfeed-intariffprocedures is considered similar to the rest of the world. The subsidy is as well planned.
Malaysia’s implementation of subsidies for on-grid tariffs has not stopped. In April 2010, the Malaysian Cabinet passed the Renewable Energy Act and related bills for subsidies for feed-in tariffs and submitted them to Congress for consideration. On June 10th, the government announced the National Renewable Energy Policy and Action Plan, which aims to increase the proportion of renewable energy in total energy use from the current 1% to 5.5% by 2015. Congress will debate the renewable energy bill in October to set up a tariff subsidy enforcement agency. It is expected to be adopted and implemented in the second quarter of 2011. At that time, the Renewable Energy Development Agency (SEDA) will be established to manage the electricity price subsidy related projects.
Malaysia's electricity subsidy policy includes some unique aspects, including the fact that the power station and foreign companies cannot own a majority stake in the project. At the same time, Malaysia's subsidy proposal also paid attention to circumventing some of the drawbacks of similar subsidies in Spain, including the annual cap and project registration.
In the current proposal, the new renewable energy power generation capacity quota for 2011 is 219 MW, and will increase to 1000 MW by 2015. The development of solar energy will be mainly concentrated in the later stage of the project.
What is self closing taps? It is a push down faucet. Press button for water, delay time 3 to 8 seconds for washing hands, automatic shut off, reducing the spread of germs at wash basin tap. It is brass construction, brass valve, chrome finish, resist corrosion and tarnishing. Bubbler in outlet make water stream more smoothly.
Wall Mounted Self Closing Faucet,Delay Action Pillar Faucet,Push Down Basin Faucet,Self Closing Shower Valve
SHENZHEN KING OF SUN INDUSTRY CO.,LTD , https://www.handybasinfaucet.com