As the industry continues to develop, some new technologies are emerging in the photovoltaic field.
Recently, SolarWorld announced that it will invest US$10 million in 2015 to expand the production capacity of its photovoltaic cells and components at the Hillsboro, Oregon facility. According to the plan, SolarWorld will increase the capacity of its components from 390 megawatts to 530 megawatts and convert its 100 megawatts of solar cell production into the use of passivated emitter contact (PERC) technology.
Although SolarWorld stated that the main purpose of the investment is to increase production capacity, at the same time, it also hopes to take this opportunity to increase the conversion efficiency of PERC batteries from 19% to more than 20%.
In fact, in addition to SolarWorld, there are many battery manufacturers worldwide that are accelerating the introduction of PERC technology. It is understood that China's Taiwan Sunrise has now imported 5 PERC production lines, single crystal cell conversion efficiency of up to 20.7%; Hanwha Q-cells into two production lines, single crystal cell conversion efficiency of 20.2%; some polycrystalline battery manufacturers import PERC After the technology, the battery conversion efficiency is up to 18.4%-18.5%.
PERC technology is widely sought after
The so-called PERC technology, that is passivation emitter contact back, the use of SiNx or Al2O3 passivation layer formed on the back of the battery, as a back reflector, increase the absorption of long wave light, while maximizing the potential difference between the PN pole, reducing the electronic recombination. Its core purpose is to increase the efficiency of battery conversion.
Increasing the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells is a key factor in reducing the electricity cost of photovoltaic generation. To some extent, the development of low-cost, high-efficiency batteries determines the speed at which photovoltaics replace traditional energy sources. "Frankly speaking, after more than ten years of development, the domestic photovoltaic industry has faced a bottleneck in the continuous improvement of the photoelectric conversion efficiency." An industry source who declined to be named told reporters that "for some time, mainstream battery manufacturers have The improvement of conversion efficiency has carried out research on a variety of technical processes, among which PERC technology has been the fastest popularized. With the advent of PERC technology, the industry has seen hopes of further improving the efficiency of photoelectric conversion."
The person also introduced to reporters. "PERC technology is highly respected because of its improved characteristics. New equipment investment is much lower than back electrode, HIT and other N-type battery technologies. Generally only a small amount of equipment needs to be added on the basis of ordinary battery production lines. , conversion efficiency will have a greater degree of improvement."
According to report, PERC technology is widely used in Taiwan. Researcher EnergyTrend Research Manager Huang Gonghui said: "PERC provides higher photoelectric conversion efficiency at a competitive cost, which has led to a surge in application demand for this technology." A report from EnergyTrend stated that the battery manufacturers in Taiwan have been more than others in China. Regional companies have used more PERC technology and have already produced about 1 GW of output. "In the PV market, which is ranked second behind Japan, photovoltaics and components produced by PERC in China's Taiwan region have indeed won more business," said Huang Gonghui.
More optimistic, Finlay Colville, NPD Solarbuzz's vice president analyst, predicts that PERC's global battery production capacity will exceed 2.5 GW by the end of 2014.
Single crystal gains support from PERC
It is noteworthy that according to a set of data held by the reporter, the laboratory efficiency of current p-type monocrystalline PERC cells has been increased from 19.8% to 20.45%, and the mass production efficiency of standard p-type polycrystalline cells is 17.2% to 17.8. %. This means that although the conversion efficiency of monocrystalline and polycrystalline cells has been improved after the introduction of PERC technology, the magnitudes are different.
"According to the current statistics, P-type single crystal application of PERC technology can make the conversion efficiency increased by 1%, while the increase in polycrystalline is 0.5%." A researcher told reporters.
It is understood that in the current mainstream technology line, polysilicon conversion efficiency is 17.5% to 18%, and Czochralski single crystal is 19% to 19.2%. "With the PERC technology, single crystals can increase conversion efficiency from 19%-19.2% to 20%-20.2% (some manufacturers in Taiwan can even achieve 20.5%), compared with polysilicon that can only convert The rate rose from 17.5%-18% to 18%-18.5%.†The above-mentioned researchers said, “From the PERC technology application situation of overseas and mainland battery manufacturers, PERC technology has shown a better premium advantage for single crystal batteries. The space for development.PERC technology to improve the conversion efficiency of single crystal battery by 1 percentage point higher, while the polycrystalline battery is only 0.5%.From the perspective of premium, PERC technology is more obvious for the single crystal battery, polycrystalline battery The premium is basically offset by the depreciation of new equipment."
“This creates a problem, because PERC technology is superior to P-type single crystals, making the cost of technology applications increase, which is very worthwhile for single-crystal manufacturers. But at the same time, due to the increase in cost It will increase by 0.5 percentage points (conversion rate), I believe many polycrystalline silicon manufacturers will think this is not worth the candle." An analyst told reporters, "And this (perceived by PERC technology) is likely to become a bargaining chip for single crystals and polycrystalline silicon." .
Of course, looking at the future, the key challenge for PERC batteries is still to reduce production costs. At present, the price of p-type single-crystal PERC battery is 1.5 times that of standard p-type polycrystalline battery. The difference in price reflects the high cost of this advanced battery structure. This added value is equivalent to a standard single crystal battery and is almost 1.3 times the price of a polycrystalline battery. However, PERC batteries now offer greater efficiency improvements - they are 15% more efficient than standard polycrystalline cells and 7% higher than standard single crystal cells. This shows that as the cost structure continues to improve and efficiency continues to increase, single crystal PERC batteries will continue to compete on the road to standard single crystal battery technology.
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