Non-polluted vegetables refer to vegetables that are not contaminated by harmful substances. They are a general term for vegetables that combine safety, quality and nutrition. The main points of its production technology are summarized below.
1 Production conditions
The pollution-free vegetable production base is chosen to be away from factories, hospitals and other pollution sources of 3000m. Water, atmosphere and soil are not polluted. It is more ideal to have mountain and river barriers. The environmental quality of farmland irrigation water, soil, atmosphere, drinking water, and soil and water conservation should meet the relevant national standards. The area of ​​the base should be greater than 5 hm2, and the land contiguous for easy rotation and convenient transportation. After the base is selected, it should also be rationally planned, improve irrigation and drainage facilities, improve the field road network, and fertilize the soil to create a high-quality, high-efficiency, low-cost pollution-free vegetable production ecological environment.
2 Refined cultivation
The refinement cultivation technique is to study the laws of vegetable production and development, environmental regulation and yield formation according to the requirements of the harmless treatment of vegetables and pests, and study the soilless cultivation, facility cultivation, water-saving irrigation and the application of these technologies and pests. The relationship between growth and decline; research on the rotation technology of different vegetables, the technique of sputum sputum, the cleaning of pastoral techniques and the introduction of trials to promote the integration of pest-resistant varieties, and formulate (design) a set of suitable vegetable varieties and different vegetable varieties. Production technical specifications for base production applications.
3 to strengthen the application of biological and physical control techniques
With the continuous evolution of pollution-free vegetable production technology, the application of protection, utilization of natural enemies, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt and virus compound bio-pesticides, ipibulin, agricultural anti-120, agricultural streptomycin, neomycin , light trapping, scent trapping, using pests to color traits to attract and kill insect nets, special performance membranes to prevent pests and other biological and physical control technology has been paid more and more attention, and some have directly replaced the use of chemical pesticides. In the future, we should fully apply existing technological achievements, further open up and promote biological and physical control technologies, and strive to expand the use of chemical pesticides.
4 Pest Control Chemicals
Optimizing the chemical control technology of vegetable pests and diseases can greatly improve the efficacy of pesticides, not only control the pests and diseases, but also prevent pesticide residues in vegetable products from exceeding the standard. Can start from the following aspects:
(1) According to relevant state regulations, it is absolutely forbidden to use highly toxic, highly toxic and highly residual pesticides on vegetables.
(2) Strengthen the measurement of pests and diseases, and master the appropriate period of prevention and treatment. There are many kinds of vegetable pests and diseases, which are complicated. It is necessary to grasp the main period of occurrence of major pests and diseases and pests and diseases. The general stage of pests and the early stage of disease are suitable for prevention and treatment.
(3) The right medicine. According to the original color map of Chinese vegetable pests and diseases, there are 1133 kinds of vegetable diseases and 334 kinds of vegetable pests in China. However, there are not many types of vegetables and major pests and diseases that are mainly planted in various places. It is necessary to diagnose the symptoms before treatment.
(4) pay attention to the application of pesticide technology. In the implementation of chemical control, pesticides must be applied to the target to effectively control the occurrence and development of vegetable pests and diseases, in order to protect the normal growth of vegetables. If the application is "off target", it will reduce the control effect and cause environmental pollution.
(5) Control the concentration, usage, dosage form, number of uses, mode of use and safe interval of pesticides in accordance with the law in strict accordance with relevant regulations.
5 Fertilization Measures
5.1 Re-apply organic fertilizer and reduce fertilizer application. Adequate organic fertilizer can continuously supply the nutrient demand of vegetables throughout the growth period, which is conducive to the improvement of vegetable quality. Crop straw and livestock manure should be added to the fermenting agent and fermented at high temperature to make it fully decomposed before being applied to the vegetable field. During the fermentation, the fresh manure is put into a plastic bag and stacked or placed in a cylinder, and a hot water seal is added to naturally ferment at an ambient humidity of 15 ° C or higher. The addition of the quick-curing agent to the crop straw can be directly returned to the field, but after pulverizing it, the heap rot fermentation effect is better. The method of composting is to add 1-2kg of quick-killing agent per 100kg of smashed straw. After stacking, the surface is sealed with mud, and the fertilizer is generally about 20d.
5.2 Reapply the base fertilizer and apply less top dressing. Practice has proved that under the same basic fertilizer conditions, the higher the amount of topdressing, the green vegetable production should be applied to the base fertilizer, control topdressing, generally apply pure nitrogen 225kg / hm2, 2 / 3 for base fertilizer, 1/3 for top dressing, deep application.
5.3 Pay attention to the scientific application of chemical fertilizers. First, the application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is prohibited. The second is to control the amount of chemical fertilizer. Generally, the nitrogen application rate should be controlled within 2250kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen. The third is to apply deep and early. Generally, the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil layer below 6 cm, and the urea is applied to the soil layer below 10 cm. Early application is beneficial to the early growth of crops, prolonging fertilizer efficiency and reducing nitrate accumulation. Practice has proved that after a certain treatment before urea application, it can also quickly improve fertilizer efficiency and reduce pollution in a short period of time. The treatment method is as follows: take 1 part of urea, 8-10 parts of dry and moderately suitable soil, mix and mix evenly and then store in a dry room, cover the plastic film on the lower cover, and pile up the suffocation for 7-10d to do the top dressing. The fourth is to be combined with organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer.
5.4 Fertilization depends on the ground, seedlings, and seasons. Different geology, different seedlings, different seasons of fertilization, fertilization methods should be different, low-fat vegetable land, nitrogen fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be applied to fertilize soil fertility. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in the seedling stage of vegetables is beneficial to the early growth of vegetables. The summer and autumn seasons have high temperatures and high nitrate reductase activity, which is not conducive to the accumulation of nitrates.
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