ã€China Aluminum Network】 Spray forming is a process in which high-pressure inert gas is used to atomize alloy liquid into small droplets, fly under high-speed airflow and cool, and then deposit into blanks before it has completely solidified. It has various advantages such as fine grain, uniform structure of the obtained material, ability to suppress macrosegregation and other rapid solidification techniques, and also has the advantage of one-step completion from the alloy smelting to the near-end forming, thus attracting people's attention.
Aluminum alloy has the advantages of low density, high strength, good toughness, and corrosion resistance. It is widely used as a structural material in the aerospace industry. At the same time, it is actively being developed as an advanced automotive material and used in high-end passenger cars.
Casting process is the main preparation method of traditional aluminum alloys, but it has been difficult to meet the needs of preparing high-performance aluminum alloys. At the front, the traditional process has been difficult to further improve the strength, plasticity, stiffness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance; Second, in the pursuit of high performance, the cost of the casting process is rapidly increasing due to the increase in equipment and yield; As the alloy content increases, the plasticity tends to decrease, so that the subsequent pressure processing costs increase and the yield decreases. Therefore, the high cost of production has greatly increased the use threshold of advanced aluminum alloys and seriously affected the development of the overall market scale. In these aspects, the injection molding process has the dual advantages of performance and comprehensive cost, which can reduce the use of advanced aluminum alloy threshold, and can further improve the performance, to achieve aluminum in a certain range of steel, so that the rapid development of advanced aluminum alloy The market, in turn, promotes the injection molding process to gain economies of scale. Therefore, the spray forming process will become the main production process of advanced aluminum alloys.
At present, the successful spray forming high-performance aluminum alloy materials mainly include the following types:
(1) High-strength aluminum alloy. Such as Al-Zn ultra-high strength aluminum alloy. Since the Al-Zn alloy has a wide range of solidification and crystallinity, and has a large difference in specific gravity, when it is produced by a conventional casting method, macrosegregation tends to occur and hot cracking tends to be large. The rapid solidification of spray forming technology can solve this problem. In developed countries, it has been applied to key parts such as connecting rods and shaft supports of aerospace aircraft parts and automobile engines.
(2) High specific strength and high specific modulus aluminum alloy. Al-Li alloy has the characteristics of small density and high elastic modulus, and it is a structural material for aviation and aerospace with potential for development. Ingot metallurgy limits the full potential of Al-Li alloys to a certain extent. Spray forming rapid solidification technology has opened up a new way for the development of Al-Li alloys.
(3) Low expansion, wear-resistant aluminum alloy. Such as hypereutectic Al-Si series high strength wear-resistant aluminum alloy. The alloy has the advantages of low thermal expansion coefficient, good wear resistance, etc. However, when a conventional casting process is used, a coarse primary Si phase is formed, resulting in deterioration of the material properties. The rapid solidification feature of spray forming effectively overcomes this problem. At present, spray-formed Al-Si alloys have been made into components such as cylinder liners for passenger cars in developed countries.
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