General: Fire Safety Technology (V) Inspection of Building Decoration and External Thermal Insulation

The first section   Interior decoration

First, check the content

1. Decoration material burning performance grade

The decoration materials are mainly divided into seven categories according to the parts and functions used in the interior decoration, such as ceiling decoration materials, wall decoration materials, floor decoration materials, partition decoration materials, fixed furniture, decorative fabrics, and other decoration materials. The decoration materials for different building categories, construction scales, and locations of use have different combustion performance grades. They are divided into four categories: A (nonflammable), B1 (flame retardant), B2 (flammability), and B3 (flammability). For grades and specific requirements, see the relevant contents in Chapter 10 of Chapter II of Fire Safety Technology Practice. The principles for setting are:

( 1 ) The requirements for important buildings are stricter than those for general buildings; for underground buildings more strictly than for buildings on the ground; for buildings more than 100 m higher than that for general high-rise buildings.

( 2 ) The requirements for the key parts of a building's fire prevention, such as public activity areas, stairs, evacuation walkways, and places with high risk, are more stringent than those of general construction sites.

( 3 ) The requirement for the ceiling is stricter than the wall surface, the requirements for the wall surface are stricter than the ground, and the requirements for hanging objects (such as curtains, curtains, etc.) are stricter than those affixed to the substrate.

2. Impact of renovation on evacuation facilities

In combination with the inspection of the floor plan within the scope of decoration, it is verified whether the interior decoration of the building reduces the net width and quantity required for the design of safety exits, evacuation exits and evacuation walkways. Evacuation mirrors, glass, and other decoration materials should be installed on both sides of the evacuation aisle and near the safety exit.

3. Effect of Decoration on Fire Fighting Facilities

Fire doors shall not be covered by decorative objects. The color of the doors shall be clearly different from the color of the surrounding decoration materials. The fire protection facilities such as fire hydrant boxes, manual alarm buttons, nozzles, fire detectors, safety evacuation signs, and safety exit signs shall not be blocked in the interior decoration of the building. .

Second, the inspection method

When judging the burning property of decoration materials, it is necessary to pay attention to:

1. Installed on the steel keel Burning performance up to B1 grade gypsum board, mineral wool sound absorption board, can be used as Class A decoration materials; When the surface of the plywood is coated with a primary decorative fire retardant coating, can be used as B1 level Decoration materials; paper and fabric wallpapers with a unit weight of less than 300g / ?, when applied directly to Class A substrates, can be used as Class B1 decoration materials; inorganic decorative coatings applied on Class A substrates can be As Class A decoration materials; applied to the A -level substrate , wet coating ratio is less than 1.5kg / ? organic decorative paint, B1 grade decoration materials can be used.

2. When plywood is used for ceilings and wall decoration and contains objects such as electrical appliances and wires, when checking concealed layers, the inspection record for concealed works needs to be checked, and the internal and external surfaces of the plywood and the corresponding wood keels are checked on site for coating. Fire retardant coatings, or flame-retardant impregnations up to Class B1 .

3. When using different decoration materials for layered decoration, the fire performance levels of all layers of decoration materials must comply with relevant regulations. For composite decoration materials, the combustion performance level can be determined after submitting the overall test by a professional inspection agency.

4. When porous or foamed plastic is used locally on the surface of the ceiling or wall surface, the thickness shall not be greater than 15mm , and the area shall not exceed 10% of the ceiling or wall area of ​​the room .

5. When inspecting fire-retardant wood materials, textile fabrics, composite materials, etc. on-site, combined with the combustion performance type inspection report of the material, the flame-retardant material on site and the witness test report of the flame retardant used, the site Construction materials such as construction records of flame-retardant materials and acceptance records of concealed works, on-site inspections in accordance with reports and records, and the verification of consistency between the above reports or records and actual materials used.

6. For flame-retardant products used in public places, check the use of flame-retardant product labels and on-site inspection labels.

Section II   Exterior wall decoration

First, the building exterior decoration

The main inspection content is:

1. Burning performance of decorative materials

The decorative layer of the external wall of the building shall not use flammable materials except for the use of paint; when the external wall of the building adopts flammable heat-insulating materials, tile materials that may easily fall off during a fire may not be used.

Section III    Building insulation system

(a), check the contents

1. Burning performance of insulation material

Thermal insulation materials used for building insulation systems mainly include organic macromolecules, organic-inorganic composites, and inorganics. According to different combustion performance grades, there are mainly A (nonflammable), B1 (flame retardant), and B2 ( Flammability) Three levels. For civil buildings with different building types, building heights, exterior wall materials, and external insulation materials have different combustion performance levels. For specific requirements, see Chapter 10 in the second chapter of "Fire Safety Technology Practice". It should be noted that no insulation material with high water absorption, such as rock wool, glass wool, etc., shall be used on roofs and underground outdoor walls.

2. Setting of protective layer

When non- A grade material is selected for the exterior wall thermal insulation material , check whether the outer side is provided with a protective layer made of non-combustible material as required. Completely cover the insulation material. The use of different properties, building height, and exterior materials of civil architecture, the thickness of the protective layer is also different. It should be noted that the thickness of the protective layer on the first floor is generally 2 times the thickness of other floors .

3. Fire barrier settings

When the outer wall uses B2 insulation material, check whether horizontal fireproof insulation strip is made of non-combustible materials along each floor of the floor. The height of the insulation strip shall not be less than 300mm , and it shall be affixed to the entire area of ​​the external wall of the building. When non- class A insulation materials are used for roofs and external walls , check also whether fireproof insulation strips made of non-combustible materials are installed at the partitions of the external walls and roofs. The width should not be less than 500mm .

(b) Inspection methods

Through inspection of the fire protection design documents, energy conservation design, building profile, building outer wall joints, construction records, concealed project acceptance records, relevant materials (insulation materials, protective layers, fire barriers, etc.) quality certification documents and performance testing Reports or type inspection reports, etc., and conduct on-site inspections after understanding building heights, building types, and whether it is basic data such as curtain wall type buildings and external insulation system types. No negative deviation is allowed when the steel needle is used to insert or cut the thickness of the protective layer and the height or width of the horizontal fire separation belt.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.