Summary of seven types of engine room fire extinguishers

What are the types of fire extinguishers in the engine room, and what are their principles? This is the main content of this article.

One of the seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: machine room fire extinguisher type

There are many types of fire extinguishers, which can be divided into: portable and trolley type; the power source of driving fire extinguishing agent can be divided into: gas storage bottle type, storage pressure type, chemical reaction type; The agent can be further divided into: foam, dry powder, halogenated alkane, carbon dioxide, water and the like.

Seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: dry powder fire extinguishers

Principle: The dry powder fire extinguisher is filled with dry powder fire extinguishing agent. The dry powder fire extinguishing agent is a dry and easy-flowing fine powder for extinguishing fire, and is composed of an inorganic salt having a fire extinguishing property and a small amount of an additive, which is dried, pulverized, and mixed to form a fine solid powder. Use compressed carbon dioxide to blow dry powder (mainly containing sodium bicarbonate) to extinguish the fire.

Structure: The dry powder fire extinguisher uses carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas as the power to spray the dry powder in the bottle to extinguish the fire. The dry powder is a dry, easy-flowing fine solid powder composed of a base material capable of extinguishing fire and a moisture-proofing agent, a flow promoter, and an agglomeration inhibitor.

Three of the seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: foam fire extinguishers

Principle: There are two containers in the foam fire extinguisher, which hold two kinds of liquids respectively. They are aluminum sulfate and sodium bicarbonate solution. The two solutions are not in contact with each other and no chemical reaction occurs. (Do not touch the foam fire extinguisher in peacetime.) When a foam fire extinguisher is needed, put the fire extinguisher upside down and mix the two solutions together to produce a large amount of carbon dioxide gas:

The fourth of the seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: the principle of foam fire extinguishers

In addition to the two reactants, some foaming agents were added to the fire extinguisher. When the switch is turned on, the foam is ejected from the fire extinguisher, covering the burning article, so that the burning substance is isolated from the air, and the temperature is lowered to achieve the purpose of extinguishing the fire.

Structure: The acid-base fire extinguisher consists of a cylinder, a cylinder cover, a sulfuric acid bottle, a nozzle, and the like. The cylinder body is filled with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate, and the sulfuric acid bottle is filled with concentrated sulfuric acid. The bottle has a lead plug for sealing the mouth of the bottle to prevent the concentrated sulfuric acid in the bottle from being diluted by water or mixed with the liquid outside the bottle. The principle of the acid-base fire extinguisher is to use a mixture of two agents to generate a chemical reaction, which generates pressure to spray the agent, thereby extinguishing the fire.

Five of the seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

Principle: Carbon dioxide has a high density, about 1.5 times that of air. Under normal pressure, liquid carbon dioxide will vaporize immediately, and generally 1 kg of liquid carbon dioxide can produce about 0.5 cubic meters of gas. Therefore, when extinguishing the fire, the carbon dioxide gas can exclude the air and surround the surface of the burning object or be distributed in a relatively closed space, reduce the oxygen concentration around the combustible material or the protective space, and produce a suffocating effect to extinguish the fire. In addition, when carbon dioxide is ejected from the storage container, it is rapidly vaporized into a gas by the liquid, and a part of the heat is absorbed from the surroundings to serve as a cooling function.

Structure: The carbon dioxide fire extinguisher cylinder is made of high-quality alloy steel by special process, and the weight is reduced by 40% compared with carbon steel. It has the characteristics of convenient operation, safe and reliable, easy to store, light and beautiful. Fire extinguishing principle: The liquid in the fire extinguisher bottle stores liquid carbon dioxide. When working, when the pressure of the bottle valve is pressed. The internal carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent is sprayed from the siphon through the bottle valve to the spray tube, so that the concentration of oxygen in the combustion zone drops rapidly. When the carbon dioxide reaches a sufficient concentration, the flame will suffocate and extinguish, and at the same time, the liquid carbon dioxide will rapidly vaporize, which is very short. It absorbs a large amount of heat during the time, so it has a certain cooling effect on the combustion products and also helps to extinguish the fire. The cart type carbon dioxide fire extinguisher is mainly composed of a bottle body, a head assembly, a nozzle assembly, a frame assembly, and the like, and the built-in fire extinguishing agent is a liquid carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agent. It is suitable for fighting fires of flammable liquids and gases. It can also save fires from live equipment. It is often used in laboratories, computer rooms, power distribution stations, and maintenance of precision electronic equipment, valuable equipment or articles. place.

Seven types of fire extinguishers in the engine room: clean water fire extinguishers

The fire extinguishing agent in the water fire extinguisher is clean water. Water has a low viscosity at room temperature, high thermal stability, high density and high surface tension. It is an ancient and widely used natural fire extinguishing agent, easy to obtain and store.

It relies mainly on cooling and suffocation to extinguish fires. Since each kilogram of water is heated from the normal temperature to the boiling point and completely vaporized, it can absorb 2593.4 KJ of heat. Therefore, it utilizes its ability to absorb sensible heat and latent heat to exert a cooling effect, which is unmatched by other fire extinguishing agents. In addition, the water vapor formed by vaporization of water is an inert gas, and the volume will expand by about 1,700 times.

During fire extinguishing, the water vapor generated by water vaporization will occupy the space of the combustion area, dilute the oxygen content around the combustion material, hinder the entry of fresh air into the combustion zone, and greatly reduce the oxygen concentration in the combustion zone, thereby achieving the purpose of suffocating fire. When the water is sprayed, the specific surface area of ​​the formed water droplets and droplets will be greatly increased, enhancing the heat exchange between water and fire, thereby enhancing its cooling and suffocation.

In addition, some of the flammable and flammable liquids that are easily soluble in water can also be diluted; the water mist generated by the strong jet can emulsifie the flammable and flammable liquids, causing the liquid surface to cool rapidly and the flammable vapor generation speed to decrease. To achieve the purpose of fire fighting.

Seven of the seven types of engine room fire extinguishers: simple fire extinguishers

The simple fire extinguisher is a portable fire extinguisher developed in recent years. It is characterized by a fire extinguishing agent filling capacity of less than 500 grams, a pressure of less than 0.8 MPa, and a small fire extinguisher that can be used at one time and cannot be refilled.

According to the type of fire extinguishing agent, the simple fire extinguisher has a 1211 fire extinguisher, also known as an aerosol halogenated fire extinguisher; a simple dry powder fire extinguisher, also known as a portable dry powder fire extinguisher; and a simple air foam fire extinguisher, also known as a portable air foam Fire extinguisher. The simple fire extinguisher is suitable for home use. The simple 1211 fire extinguisher and simple dry powder fire extinguisher can save the liquefied petroleum gas stove and the upper angle valve of the cylinder, or the initial fire of the gas stove, etc., and can also save the solid fire and waste paper basket and other solids. A fire that burns combustibles. Simple air foam is suitable for initial fires caused by oil pans, kerosene stoves, oil lamps and candles, and can also be used to extinguish fires burning solid combustibles.