The filter is divided into three types: gravity filter, vacuum filter and pressure filter according to the method of obtaining the driving force.
Gravity filter
The pressure formed on the filter medium by the gravity and the difference of the suspension acts as a driving force for the filtration, generally intermittent operation, such as a sander.
Vacuum filter
A negative pressure is formed at the outlet of the filtrate as a driving force for filtration. The absolute pressure of the operating vacuum of the industrial vacuum filter is (2.5 to 8.0) x 105 Pa. The temperature of the suspension during filtration should be lower than the vaporization temperature of the filtrate under operating vacuum. This filter is divided into two types: intermittent operation and continuous operation. Intermittently operated vacuum filters filter various concentrations of suspension. The vacuum leaf filter is filled with a suspension in the container casing. The filter leaves on both sides of the filter cloth are immersed in the suspension, and the inner chamber of the filter leaves is connected to the vacuum system. After the filtrate is sucked out, it is taken out by the conduit, and the filter residue accumulated on the surface of the filter leaf is removed after shutdown. A continuously operated vacuum filter is suitable for filtering thick suspensions containing more solid particles. The working principle of the drum vacuum filter, the inner filter drum vacuum filter, the disc vacuum filter and the tipping vacuum filter (Fig. 6) are similar. The entire filter surface is divided into a plurality of spaced filter chambers, and each of the rotary filter chambers is sequentially connected to each fixed tube through a distribution valve to suck out the filtrate, the washing liquid in the filtration chamber, or to supply compressed air. The entire process of the filtering operation is completed by one revolution of each filter chamber, and the operation of the plurality of filter chambers is connected to form a continuous filtration. The belt vacuum filter has a structure similar to that of a belt conveyor and has a continuous filter belt for easy filtration of the suspension. The belt vacuum filter, the inner filter surface drum vacuum filter and the tipping bucket vacuum filter are all fed on the upper part of the filter medium (filter cloth), especially suitable for the suspension with high solid particle density and fast sedimentation.
Pressure filter
It is used as a filtering force by the pressure applied at the inlet of the suspension or the mechanical pressing force applied to the wet material. It is suitable for the suspension which requires a large filtration pressure difference, and is also divided into two types: intermittent operation and continuous operation. Intermittently operated tubular filter presses and pressurized leaf filters are used for low concentration suspension filtration. The filter press is also a batch-operated pressure filter, which is divided into three types: plate and frame, box and vertical. It is widely used. The oil filter unit is a plate and frame filter press unit equipped with an oil pump, vacuum evaporator and other accessories. The continuously operated drum pressure filter and the disc pressure filter are pressure-filtered in a sealed casing, and the structure is similar to that of a drum vacuum filter and a disk vacuum filter. Due to the complex structure, there are fewer applications.
The commonly used pressure filtration is to filter by using a small filter chamber volume or applying a mechanical pressing force. The filter residue has a low moisture content and is suitable for a suspension having a high concentration of solid particles. In the belt press filter (see belt vacuum filter), the wet slag after preliminary liquid removal by gravity or vacuum is moved between the two filter belts, and then dehydrated by roller pressing. The screw press filter has a cylinder with pores, wherein there are rotating spirals, the spiral grooves are different in depth, and the material is pushed from the deep groove end to the shallow groove end, the filter chamber space is gradually reduced, the material is pressed, and the filtrate is pressed by the cylinder. The pores are discharged and the filter residue is discharged from the small end.
Precision filter
Precision filters are generally used between sand filtration (coarse filtration) and ultrafiltration for filtration accuracy. Under the action of pressure, the raw water passes through the filter element, and the impurities are trapped on the wall of the filter core, and the water permeates through the filter core to achieve the purpose of filtration. At present, the scale of manufacturers producing filter equipment in China is mainly for small and medium-sized enterprises. The products are made of high-quality stainless steel, hard polyvinyl chloride, engineering plastics, plexiglass and other corrosion-resistant materials, mainly made of high-quality stainless steel, with filter elements with different media. The built-in filter has PE core, honeycomb core, folded core, titanium tube sintered core, activated carbon core, ceramic core, polypropylene fiber filter and so on. The filter has different filtering effects. Therefore, the precision filter can remove suspended solids, some colloidal substances and fine particles according to the raw water quality, effluent quality and water quantity to achieve different filtration precision. At present, the precision of filtration of precision filters on the market ranges from 0.2 to 100 um. Precision filters are often used as protective filters for electrodialysis, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc. They can be used in water treatment in food, alcohol, pharmaceutical, chemical, electronics and other industries, such as:
Food industry: fine filtration of mineral water, clarification and filtration of beverages and alcohol. Pharmaceutical industry: water treatment of sterile water, oral liquid, infusion, injection, etc.;
Electronics industry: pure water preparation and washing water filtration for semiconductor, instrument, picture tube and other production plants;
Chemical industry: purification of organic solvents, esters, alcohols, acids, alkalis and other chemical raw materials, oils;
Environmental protection: treatment of various industrial wastewaters such as electroplating wastewater, printing wastewater, and pharmaceutical wastewater. Water treatment of seawater, brackish water desalination, water treatment of hotels and apartments;
Gardening and gardening: Parks, greenhouses, livestock, and industrial areas require artificially produced super-fine water mist, as well as irrigation and conservation of high-grade flowers.
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