SCM is a common core component in smart homes. All smart homes or appliances are implemented by simple-chip or simple or complex instructions and operations. Compact but simple structure is the main feature of SCM. Its powerful and rich is the basic of SCM. What is the nature of the widely used single-chip microcomputer ? How is the microcontroller classified? Next, I mainly talk to you about the principles of the microcontroller , if you are interested in this, you may wish to follow me to understand Let's go!
Microcontroller Introduction
SCM, also known as a single-chip microcontroller, is not a chip that performs a certain logic function, but integrates a computer system into a single chip. Equivalent to a miniature computer, compared with the computer, the microcontroller only lacks I/O devices. In a nutshell: A chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight, and low price make it easy to learn, apply and develop. At the same time, learning to use a microcontroller is the best choice for understanding computer principles and architecture.
The use of single-chip microcomputer has been very extensive, such as smart meters, real-time industrial control, communications equipment, navigation systems, household appliances and so on. Once a variety of products are used on a single-chip computer, they can play the role of upgrading products, often preceded by the adjective - "intelligent", such as intelligent washing machines.
Microcontroller principle
The principle of the MCU refers to the principle of application. In the era of the MCU does not appear, the devices with complex functions are often bulky, and the complicated operation is achieved through a large number of printed circuit boards. The SCM, with its small size and powerful advantages, relies on the C language that can execute multiple commands, and the computer capability of independent operation and processing to control the opening and closing of the relevant lines to achieve the control and operation of the device. In simple terms, a microcomputer is placed on the equipment line and the actual operation is achieved by specifying instructions.
Microcontroller Structure and Features
The structure of the SCM is not very complicated. Although it is a microcomputer, it does not include peripherals such as screens, keyboards, and mouse, as does a real computer, but only has the most core processor, memory, and storage parts. Refined as part of the operator: perform a variety of operations; controller part: call instruction, coding test, control cpu; main register part: storage of various types of data for use by the microcontroller. The characteristics of the single-chip microcomputer are simple structure, small size, convenient operation, strong function, fast processing speed, stable and reliable, long working time, low consumption and low pressure, and are not easily affected by the environment.
Microcontroller application range
The SCM has penetrated into every area of ​​our lives, and it is almost impossible to find out which area does not have a trace of the SCM. Navigation devices for missiles, control of various instruments on aircraft, network communication and data transmission for computers, real-time control and data processing for industrial automation processes, various kinds of smart IC cards that are widely used, security systems for civilian luxury cars, video recorders, Cameras, automatic washing machine control, and program-controlled toys, electronic pets, etc., these are inseparable from the microcontroller. Not to mention robots, smart meters, medical devices, and various smart machines in the field of automation. Therefore, the learning, development and application of single-chip microcomputers will create a group of scientists and engineers with computer applications and intelligent control.
Microcontrollers are widely used in intelligent management and process control of instrumentation, household appliances, medical equipment, aerospace and special equipment.
Microcontroller price
When the SCM is replaced, it is best to use the same type of SCM, and then write the target code given by the company. The price of the SCM is currently relatively cheap, and the retail price is about 5 yuan.
Note: This price is for reference only! Due to geographical differences, of course, the price will be different. For more details on the prices, please refer to the local distributors!
Troubleshooting of SCM
1 The three conditions of the normal work of the one-chip computer
The three conditions for the microcontroller to work are the power supply, clock crystal, and reset. When the microcontroller does not work properly, we must first check the three conditions, use a voltmeter or multimeter to detect his power supply and ground pin, detect the voltage between the two pins is not about 5V; for the clock crystal oscillation there is no Normal operation, we have better use the oscilloscope to detect whether to detect the sine wave pulse of the corresponding frequency; reset detection is relatively simple, the reset level of the microcontroller is generally a high level reset, the microcontroller is generally reset when the power is turned on. A high level of about 5V will appear on the foot, and when the reset button is pressed, a high level will appear on the reset pin, which can be detected with a general voltmeter or a multimeter.
2 Check whether the microcontroller is working properly
There is no normal work inside the microcontroller, we mainly through the way to write the program to detect and check. This detection requires the hardware and software that “burn in†the code. The principle of detection is to “burn in†a piece of normal code with a detection function to the MCU through “burn in†the code's hardware and software. Check two aspects: The first is whether the target code can be normally written into the SCM. If the SCM cannot be normally written into the SCM, it means that the SCM has been damaged and needs to replace the same type of SCM; the second is that the target code can be normally written to the SCM and written to After the effect is not the program setting function, if it is to explain the normal microcontroller.
Editor's summary: The compact microcontroller is an increasingly indispensable part of our lives. Almost every industry will have single-chip applications in every area, whether it be a spacecraft that flies into space or a model of aircraft that children play, regardless of the top level of precision. Devices, or low-cost ordinary home appliances, have always existed in the MCU and have profoundly affected the progress and development of each industry. The intelligent life needs the progress of science and technology, and the progress must start with a small one-chip computer.
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