The world's feed industry for 100 years and the Chinese feed industry's 30-year history have formed four pillar products consisting of single additive products such as antibiotics, vitamins, trace elements and amino acids, additive premixes, concentrated feeds and compound feeds. The feed industry plays an important role in the development of modern animal husbandry. The main problems faced by China's feed industry at present: First, the important additives with high technology content, exclusive intellectual property rights and market position are mainly dependent on imports: Second, health, social, economic and trade issues caused by drug residues in livestock products. Get attention. 70% of the cost of aquaculture comes from feed. The feed core technology is in the additive. Therefore, a new method is adopted to develop a new safety product that not only maintains animal performance but also has no safety hazards. In particular, additives are an important direction and priority for the development of feed and feed additives in China.
l The concept of green feed additives
The green feed additive has the following elements: (1) There is no drug residue in the animal production process, no toxic side effects, no harm to animal production, and its animal products are harmless to human health; (2) animal waste does not pollute the environment; (3) In combination with animal breeding technology, animal products using green feed additives are inspected by institutions with third-party notarization status and recognized by relevant authorities and widely recognized by consumers, and have original flavor and unique palatability.
2 Types and application status of green feed additives
Green feed additives mainly include: Chinese herbal preparations, microecological preparations, chemical probiotics, enzyme preparations, acidifiers, nano raw materials, and the like.
2.1 Chinese herbal preparations
Since the late 1980s, China has been researching and developing Chinese herbal medicine additive products, and has made certain progress and is widely used in animal husbandry production. More than 200 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines have been used as livestock and poultry additives. As a green additive, Chinese herbal preparations are natural, safe, residue-free and widely available. Some Chinese herbal medicines are rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, and have both pharmacological and nutritional functions. Long-term use can improve animal performance and improve carcass quality and meat quality. Gan Jie et al reported that Chinese herbal preparations can significantly promote the digestion of protein in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets. Increase the intestinal absorption rate of amino acids. Li Yanzhang and other reports, Chinese herbal medicine additives can significantly increase the daily weight gain of piglets and reduce feed returns. Dong Yanxin discovered that Chinese herbal medicine can promote growth by improving protein, calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Tests by Wang Hongyan and others have shown that Chinese herbal medicine additives can improve the performance of laying hens and improve the quality of eggs. Sun Xiaoping and others reported that the Chinese herbal medicine additive added to the cow's feed has obvious milk-increasing effect and improved milk quality.
2.2 Microecological preparations
Microecological preparations are based on animal micro-ecological balance theory, micro-ecological imbalance theory, micro-ecological nutrition theory and micro-ecological control theory, using normal microbial members and their metabolites or growth promoters in animals. A biological preparation or a live bacterial preparation prepared by a special processing technique such as cultivation, fermentation, drying, and processing. Microecological preparations include Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, fungi and yeasts, and complex fungi. Application of microecological preparations can improve feed utilization, increase animal growth rate, increase milk and egg production, increase productivity, control pathogens, improve health: improve water environment. Zhang Xiaoqing et al found that microecological preparations can significantly increase daily weight gain and feed utilization rate during the growing period of the commercial pigs and during the fattening period. Cui Xiyong et al reported that the addition of microecological preparations to the laying hens can significantly increase the egg production rate and the ratio of eggs to eggs, and reduce the rate of soft and broken eggs. Dong Xiumei and other reports, Aiwei added a micro-ecological preparation to the broiler drinking water, can significantly increase the number of lactobacilli and enterococci in the intestine, significantly reduce the number of E. coli; significantly improve the antioxidant enzyme activity in broiler chicken serum. Significantly improve the body's antioxidant capacity. Enhance the disease resistance of broilers.
2.3 Chemical probiotics
In the mid-to-late 1990s, research on antibiotic substitutes has received increasing attention, and more research is on oligosaccharides. Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates formed by a small number of monosaccharides linked by several glycosidic bonds. These substances are mostly short-chain branched sugars and are called chemical probiotics. As a new type of additive. It has been widely used in food. Significant progress has also been made in the application of research in feed. The basic function of oligosaccharides is to promote the proliferation of gastrointestinal beneficial bacteria in animals. Micro-ecological regulation function to improve animal health. Li Ju et al reported that probiotics can significantly increase the rate of breast muscle in broilers and improve meat quality. Xu Fengyun found that the addition of oligosaccharide probiotics to the diet of Romain laying hens can significantly increase the survival rate of chicks and promote the growth of young chickens. The laying hens will start production 5-6 days ahead of time and reduce the ammonia concentration in the chicken houses. Zhao Jingchang and other found that the use of enzyme-probiotics in the whole process of breastfeeding can effectively increase the daily weight gain of piglets. Reduce the rate of diarrhea.
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