Fire control equipment

Fire control equipment

What is a fire control device? A fire control device is a device that, when it receives a signal from a fire alarm fire control center of a triggering device, automatically or manually activates the relevant fire fighting equipment and displays its status in a fire automatic alarm system. Fire control equipment.

Overview

In ancient China, flammable wood was used as a building material and accumulated a lot of experience in building fire protection. In the 13th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1534), Huang Shih?k adopted a masonry structure, placed a copper-covered beech file cabinet on a stone bench in the interior, and Ningbo Tianyi Pavilion built by Jiajing for 40 years (see Library Building). It is built on the lake facing three sides of water, and a storage tank is built in front of the court for fire prevention purposes. All countries in the world formulate a variety of building fire protection codes in accordance with national conditions. China has formulated the "Code for Fire Protection in Architectural Design", "Code for Fire Protection in Rural Building Design", and "Code for Designing Fire Protection for High-rise Civil Buildings". In addition, there are special rules or regulations for ancient buildings, underground buildings, garages, and automatic alarms and automatic fire extinguishing equipment. Building fires must have three elements: 1 Combustibles: such as wood materials, flammable decoration, furniture, curtains, carpets and flammable and explosive materials produced and stored; 2 Fire sources: cigarette butts, matches, kitchens and boilers Room fire, sparks of electrical equipment accidents, and lightning, earthquake disasters, etc., can all form a fire source; 3 Combustion: oxygen, chlorine, and bromine. Therefore, the three should be effectively controlled in the building fire protection design.

Fire facilities

Fire prevention measures shall be taken in the building design to prevent fires and reduce the hazards to the life and property caused by fire. Building fire protection includes fire prevention and fire prevention measures. The former is mainly to determine the fire-resistant grades and fire-resistant structures, control the quantity of combustibles and separate the easily-fired parts; the latter is mainly used for fire prevention partitioning, setting up evacuation facilities and platoons. Smoke, fire extinguishing equipment, etc.

Major measures

Fire Rating and Material Selection China is classified into four fire resistance grades based on the fire resistance capability of the common structural types of buildings (high-rise buildings must be one or two). The fire resistance of a building depends on the fire resistance and combustion performance of the components, and is specified separately in different fire ratings. The fire resistance limit of a component refers to the time (in hours) from when the component is subjected to fire to when it is destroyed (eg, lost bearing capacity, etc.). The material of the components depends on the combustion properties of the combustion body (such as wood, etc.), the incombustible body (such as asphalt concrete, particle board) and non-burning body (such as brick, stone, metal, etc.). Buildings should be based on their fire rating to select component materials and construction methods. Fire-fighting control pumps such as Class 1 fire-resistance grade bearing walls, columns shall be non-combustion bodies with a fire endurance limit of 3 hours (eg 180 mm thick walls or 300 x 300 mm columns made of brick or concrete) and beams shall have a fire endurance limit of 2 hours For non-burning bodies, the reinforcing steel protective layer must be more than 30 mm thick. The design must ensure the fire-resistant stability of the main structure in order to gain enough evacuation time and make the building easy to repair after the fire. Partition walls and suspended ceilings shall have the necessary fire resistance. Interior decoration and furniture furnishings shall use non-flammable or flame-retardant materials, such as fire-resistant ceiling materials and carpets and curtains, in order to reduce the occurrence of fire and control the spread of fire.

Fire separation and fire partitions

1 Fire separation: To prevent the spread of fire through radiant heat, etc., a certain distance should be maintained between buildings. The lower the fire resistance rating of a building is, the more vulnerable it is to the spread of fire. The fire separation distance should be increased. The fire separation distance between civil buildings with Class I and Class II fire resistance shall not be less than 6 meters, and the fire protection distances of civil buildings with Grade 3 or Class 4 fire resistance shall be 7 meters and 9 meters, respectively. High-rise buildings are difficult to evacuate in the event of a fire. The ladder trucks require a large working radius. Therefore, the fire-protection distances of high-rise buildings with the same or secondary fire-resistant grades must not be less than 13 meters. The fire-protection distances of buildings with fire-resistant grades 3 and 4 must not be less than 15 And 18 meters. There are more flammable materials in the workshop and the fire separation distance should be increased. For example, the fire protection distance between the first and second grade refractory buildings or between them and the civil buildings must not be less than 10 meters. The third and fourth grade refractory buildings and other buildings The fire protection distance must not be less than 12 and 14 meters. Buildings or warehouses that produce or store flammable and explosive materials should be far away from buildings. 2 Fire Partitioning: In order to prevent the spread of smoke and fire in buildings, it is necessary to conduct fire partitioning, that is, to use firewalls to divide the building into several areas. The maximum allowable area of ​​the first and second grade fire-resistant building with a length of more than 150 meters shall be a fire wall, and the maximum allowable area of ​​the partition is 2500 meters 2. The above indexes of the third and fourth-grade fire-resistant building shall be 100 meters, 1200 meters 2 and 60 meters and 600 meters respectively. . The fire-prevention subarea of ​​high-rise buildings with Grade I and II fire protection is limited to 1000 m 2 or 1500 m 2, and the basement is controlled within 500 m 2. The firewall shall be a non-combustion body with a fire-resistance limit of 4 hours. If there is an opening above it, Class A fire doors and windows shall be installed. All kinds of pipelines shall not pass through the firewall. The firewall can not be set up with fire shutters, curtain protection. Safe Evacuation and Ventilation To reduce the risk of fire and death, building design should consider safe evacuation. The safety exits of public buildings can generally not be less than two, and audience-intensive places such as theaters, stadiums, etc., have to be set up to calculate more outlets. The safety exits on the floors are stairs. Open stairwells can easily lead to the spread of smoke and fire and hinder evacuation. Closed stairwells can block smoke and facilitate evacuation. Smoke prevention staircases are more conducive to evacuation due to the presence of an antechamber. High-rise buildings must have closed or smoke-proof stairwells. Staircases should be arranged with two evacuation directions. Super-high-rise buildings should be provided with temporary security zones or refuge floors. Rooftop helicopters can also be set up and evacuated from the air. Emergency lighting, evacuation direction indicators, and safety exit lights should be provided on the evacuation route. Fire Pump Room System