There are many types of chemical fertilizers, different characteristics, and the number of nutrients contained in them are different. From the outside, some fertilizers are very similar and difficult to distinguish. In order to give everyone a systematic understanding of the nature and identification of common fertilizers and easy access, the nature and identification methods of several common fertilizers are summarized as follows:
1. Urea [C0(NH2):]
The appearance of urea is white, spherical particles, total nitrogen content > 46.0%, easy to absorb moisture, and hygroscopicity is between ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. Urea is easily soluble in water and liquid ammonia. When pure urea is heated to near the melting point under normal pressure, it begins to show instability, produces a condensation reaction, and produces biuret, which loses fertilizer effect on the crop. If you put a clean piece of iron on the stove and put the urea granules on it, it can be seen that the urea melts and volatilizes quickly, and a small amount of white smoke is emitted, which can smell ammonia.
2. Ammonium sulfate [(NH4): S04]
The ammonium sulfate for agriculture is white or light-colored crystals, and the nitrogen content is ≥ 20.8% (second grade). Ammonium sulfate is easy to absorb moisture, soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is acidic. It reacts with alkali to release ammonia gas. When ammonium sulfate is heated on the fire, it can be slowly melted and accompanied by ammonia release.
3. Ammonium nitrate [N-N03]
Ammonium nitrate has a white appearance and no visible impurities, and agricultural products are allowed to have a yellowish color. The total nitrogen content is ≥34.4% (Level II). Ammonium nitrate has strong hygroscopicity and agglomeration. When the temperature of the aqueous solution changes, recrystallization will occur, which is very sensitive to the action of heat. A large amount of ammonium nitrate is easily decomposed by heat, and combustion can occur, resulting in an explosion. It is accompanied by white smoke, which smells ammonia and the aqueous solution is acidic.
4. Ammonium chloride [NH4CL]
Ammonium chloride is white crystal, the agricultural product is allowed to have a yellowish color, the nitrogen content is ≥25.39%, and it is easily soluble in water. The solubility in water increases remarkably with the increase of temperature, and the aqueous solution is acidic. Ammonium chloride has strong water absorption and easy to agglomerate. A small amount of ammonium chloride is heated on the fire to smell a strong irritating odor, accompanied by white smoke. The ammonium chloride will melt rapidly and disappear completely. The unmelted portion was yellow during the process.
5. Agricultural ammonium bicarbonate [NH4HCO3]
Appearance is white or slightly gray crystal, with ammonia smell, nitrogen content ≥ 16.80% (secondary). It is highly hygroscopic, soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is weakly acidic. When you easily identify ammonium bicarbonate, you can use a finger to take a small amount of sample for rubbing, you can smell a strong ammonia smell.
6. Superphosphate [Ca(h2P04)2H2O]
The appearance is dark gray, grayish white, light yellow and other loose powder, and there are many small pores in the block, commonly known as "honeycomb eye". Effective phosphorus pentoxide (BO5) content ≥ 12.0% (qualified product II). Slightly sour, it is an acidic chemical fertilizer that is sensitive to the action of alkali and easily loses its fertilizer effect. Some of them are soluble in water and the aqueous solution is acidic. Under normal circumstances, the hygroscopicity is small, such as moisture absorption when the air humidity reaches 80% or more, forming a hard block. It is unstable when heated, and it is slightly smoked and has a sour taste. When the temperature is higher than 120%, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate loses the crystal water and turns into anhydrous calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the water-soluble phosphorus pentoxide gradually decreases. When the temperature is higher than 150 ° C, the anhydrous calcium dihydrogen phosphate loses water and is converted into calcium pyrophosphate which has no fertilizer effect on the crop. The temperature is higher and the calcium pyrophosphate is converted into insoluble calcium metaphosphate.
7. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer
The appearance is grayish white, grayish green or grayish black powder, which looks very fine. Under the sunlight, it is generally seen that the pulverized, vitreous-like object exists and sparkles. Effective phosphorus pentoxide content ≥ 12.0% (qualified product). Insoluble in water, not easy to lose, no moisture absorption, no toxicity, no corrosive, no change when heated on fire.
8. Compound fertilizer
The appearance should be a taupe or off-white granular product with no visible mechanical impurities present. Some of the compound fertilizers are accompanied by crystallization of white particles pulverizing incomplete urea, or in the compound fertilizer, urea is present as a single crystal. The total nutrient of low-concentration compound fertilizer is I>25%; the total nutrient of medium-concentration compound fertilizer is ≥30%; the total nutrient of high-concentration compound fertilizer is t>40%, and the single nutrient content should not be lower than 4%. The compound fertilizer is slightly hygroscopic. After the moisture absorption, the compound fertilizer particles are easily pulverized, non-toxic, odorless, non-corrosive, and only partially soluble in water. When the compound fertilizer is heated on the flame, white smoke is observed, and the smell of ammonia can be smelled, and it cannot be completely melted.
9. Zinc sulfate for agriculture [ZnS04·7H2 O]
Appearance is white or micro-colored needle crystals. The zinc content of zinc sulfate heptahydrate should be 21.8%. Zinc sulfate is readily soluble in water and its aqueous solution is acidic.
10. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate [ KH2P 04 ]
The appearance is white crystal. The content of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for agriculture should be ≥92.O% (on a dry basis), potassium dihydrogen phosphate is easily soluble in water, and the aqueous solution is acidic.
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